Table 1.

Summary of key drivers, benefits and technologies related to DT adoption in FM

DriversBenefitDescriptionReferences
PdM and sustainabilityEnhance sustainability and FMBy enabling real-time monitoring and ML-based optimization of energy use, conservation and occupant comfortAlBalkhy et al., 2024; Cespedes-Cubides and Jradi, 2024 
Cost reduction and improved energy efficiencyLower operational cost and enhanced energy performanceBy optimizing systems like lighting and HVAC based on occupancy patterns and enabling intelligent control systems, energy use can be reduced by up to 30%Cespedes-Cubides and Jradi, 2024; Yoon, 2024; Li et al., 2023 
Improved safety risk predictionEnhanced safety risk managementBy enabling safer design, continuous monitoring and predictive risk analysis, particularly in complex systems and large-scale projectsAlBalkhy et al., 2024 
Operational efficiency and decision-makingIncreased system performance and extendedBy integrating virtual models with real-time data to enable continuous monitoring, reduce downtime and support smarter decisionsShuhaimi et al., 2024 
Technological advancements and integrationImprove asset management, communication and performanceBy enabling anomaly detection, retrofit simulations and real-time monitoring, while integrating BIM and IoT to enhance collaboration and efficiencyCespedes-Cubides and Jradi, 2024; Shuhaimi et al., 2024 
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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