Table 2. Summary of existing research on... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2.

Summary of existing research on digital twin implementation for predictive maintenance in facility management

References	Focus area	Methodology/approach	Key findings/contributions	Relevance to predictive maintenance (PdM) in FM
Li et al. (2023)	Integration of IoT-enabled DTs for predictive maintenance in HVAC systems	Case study and simulation-based validation	Demonstrated energy savings up to 30% through real-time monitoring and predictive analytics	Showed tangible performance and cost benefits of DT-driven PdM in building systems
Desogus et al. (2021)	DT-based predictive models for maintenance decision support	Conceptual framework and FM system integration	Highlighted data-driven decision-making and continuous monitoring for early fault detection	Validated DT’s potential to reduce unplanned downtime in FM
El-Din et al. (2022)	BIM-IoT integration for maintenance management	Empirical study using BIM-based digital models	Improved interoperability and data visualization between maintenance and asset systems	Enhanced PdM workflows via automated data capture and visualization
Shuhaimi et al. (2024)	AI-augmented DT systems for predictive maintenance	Quantitative model evaluation	Proposed AI algorithms for anomaly detection using DT data streams	Advanced predictive capability through intelligent analytics
Gispert et al. (2025)	Transition from reactive to predictive maintenance using DT	Literature synthesis and framework development	Introduced “predict-and-prevent” paradigm leveraging DT data integration	Emphasized long-term shift toward proactive facility operations
Madubuike et al. (2022)	DT integration in facility management for maintenance efficiency	Mixed-method approach (survey + case analysis)	Reported improved decision-making, efficiency and reliability in FM	Demonstrated practical DT benefits in FM contexts through PdM use cases
Cespedes-Cubides and Jradi (2024)	Energy management and PdM through DT platforms	Simulation and experimental validation	Validated DT-driven optimization of energy performance and maintenance scheduling	Linked PdM with sustainability goals in building operations
AlBalkhy et al. (2024)	Barriers to DT adoption in FM	Literature review	Identified high implementation costs, lack of expertise and limited standardization	Highlighted critical challenges hindering PdM realization
Hauashdh et al. (2024)	Organizational readiness for DT-based FM	Qualitative interviews with FM stakeholders	Found that digital maturity and cultural acceptance are key for DT success	Emphasized the human and organizational dimension of PdM adoption
Godager (2024)	Data management frameworks for DT in FM	Theoretical framework proposal	Proposed standardized data handling aligned with ISO 19650	Provided foundation for structured data critical for PdM performance
De Rubeis et al. (2023)	Practical implementation strategies for DTs in buildings	Comparative case study	Noted lack of standardized practical guidance and varying DT definitions	Addressed implementation barriers to PdM-oriented DT systems

References	Focus area	Methodology/approach	Key findings/contributions	Relevance to predictive maintenance (PdM) in FM
Li et al. (2023)	Integration of IoT-enabled DTs for predictive maintenance in HVAC systems	Case study and simulation-based validation	Demonstrated energy savings up to 30% through real-time monitoring and predictive analytics	Showed tangible performance and cost benefits of DT-driven PdM in building systems
Desogus et al. (2021)	DT-based predictive models for maintenance decision support	Conceptual framework and FM system integration	Highlighted data-driven decision-making and continuous monitoring for early fault detection	Validated DT’s potential to reduce unplanned downtime in FM
El-Din et al. (2022)	BIM-IoT integration for maintenance management	Empirical study using BIM-based digital models	Improved interoperability and data visualization between maintenance and asset systems	Enhanced PdM workflows via automated data capture and visualization
Shuhaimi et al. (2024)	AI-augmented DT systems for predictive maintenance	Quantitative model evaluation	Proposed AI algorithms for anomaly detection using DT data streams	Advanced predictive capability through intelligent analytics
Gispert et al. (2025)	Transition from reactive to predictive maintenance using DT	Literature synthesis and framework development	Introduced “predict-and-prevent” paradigm leveraging DT data integration	Emphasized long-term shift toward proactive facility operations
Madubuike et al. (2022)	DT integration in facility management for maintenance efficiency	Mixed-method approach (survey + case analysis)	Reported improved decision-making, efficiency and reliability in FM	Demonstrated practical DT benefits in FM contexts through PdM use cases
Cespedes-Cubides and Jradi (2024)	Energy management and PdM through DT platforms	Simulation and experimental validation	Validated DT-driven optimization of energy performance and maintenance scheduling	Linked PdM with sustainability goals in building operations
AlBalkhy et al. (2024)	Barriers to DT adoption in FM	Literature review	Identified high implementation costs, lack of expertise and limited standardization	Highlighted critical challenges hindering PdM realization
Hauashdh et al. (2024)	Organizational readiness for DT-based FM	Qualitative interviews with FM stakeholders	Found that digital maturity and cultural acceptance are key for DT success	Emphasized the human and organizational dimension of PdM adoption
Godager (2024)	Data management frameworks for DT in FM	Theoretical framework proposal	Proposed standardized data handling aligned with ISO 19650	Provided foundation for structured data critical for PdM performance
De Rubeis et al. (2023)	Practical implementation strategies for DTs in buildings	Comparative case study	Noted lack of standardized practical guidance and varying DT definitions	Addressed implementation barriers to PdM-oriented DT systems

Source(s): Authors’ own work