Table 1

Principals' perceptions on AI integration in different education systems

CountryMain positive findingsMain negative findingsRefs
United StatesA significant tool in educational processes and personalized learningIt can lead to a very lazy generation, worries about creativity, and socializationHales et al. (2025) 
TurkeyAI is a highly beneficial system with a crucial role in simplifying information managementAI might disregard cultural, religious, and philosophical valuesKurkan and Çetin (2024) 
AustraliaAI has many advantages, such as enhancing learning analytics, encouraging self-directed learning, fostering the development of critical digital literacy, and task automationConcerns about equal access, sustainability, and the effect on the role of teachers and schoolsMarrone et al. (2025) 
GreecePotential empowerment of the educational process, the acceleration of learning, and personalized learning experiencesIssues related to potential misuse, ethical implications, and the spread of misinformationAnysiadou and Gkliati (2025) 
NigeriaReduction of administrative workload, facilitation of data-driven decision-makingData privacy, technical challenges, and resistance to changeAnanyi and Somieari-Pepple (2023) 
Hong KongThe integration of AI promotes expedited development in personal and professional capacitiesLack of curriculum guidelines, insufficient knowledge of AI, and immature pedagogical understanding of AIWang and Cheng (2021) 
UKReduction of administrative labor and anxiety supports diversityCreates new inequalities, issues of digital inclusionAmrane-Cooper et al. (2024) 
Source(s): Derived from the study's literature review

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