From qualitative evidence to quantitative items
| Thematic analysis | Cross validation | Conceptual mapping | Coding | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empirical evidence from interviews | Literature grounding | TPM pillar | HDG dimension | Measurable items | Direction | ID |
| “Operators perform daily checks and minor cleaning” | Ahmed et al. (2023) | Autonomous Maintenance (AM) | Human | Frequency of operator involvement in Daily checks and cleaning | Optimal | 1 |
| “Competence matrix updated every six months” | Oeij et al. (2024) | Training and Education (T&E) | Human | Frequency of operator training in preventive maintenance tasks | Positive | 2 |
| “IoT sensors monitor vibration and temperature” | Mouhib et al. (2025), Zero et al. (2024) | Planned Maintenance (PM) | Digital | IoT sensors for health monitoring equipment (vibration, temperature) | Positive | 3 |
| “CMMS schedules maintenance based on cycles” | Hetmanczyk (2024) | Planned Maintenance (PM) | Digital | CMMS integration for maintenance planning, tracking, and reporting | Positive | 4 |
| “Replacing old compressors reduced energy use by 12%” | Jin et al. (2024) | Preventive Maintenance (PM) | Green | Energy monitoring and retrofitting in maintenance operations | Positive | 5 |
| “We use biodegradable cleaners and track waste” | Farajzadeh et al. (2024) | Preventive Maintenance (PM) | Green | Green maintenance materials and waste tracking | Positive | 6 |
| Thematic analysis | Cross validation | Conceptual mapping | Coding | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empirical evidence from interviews | Literature grounding | TPM pillar | HDG dimension | Measurable items | Direction | ID |
| “Operators perform daily checks and minor cleaning” | Autonomous Maintenance (AM) | Human | Frequency of operator involvement in Daily checks and cleaning | Optimal | 1 | |
| “Competence matrix updated every six months” | Training and Education (T&E) | Human | Frequency of operator training in preventive maintenance tasks | Positive | 2 | |
| “IoT sensors monitor vibration and temperature” | Planned Maintenance (PM) | Digital | IoT sensors for health monitoring equipment (vibration, temperature) | Positive | 3 | |
| “CMMS schedules maintenance based on cycles” | Planned Maintenance (PM) | Digital | CMMS integration for maintenance planning, tracking, and reporting | Positive | 4 | |
| “Replacing old compressors reduced energy use by 12%” | Preventive Maintenance (PM) | Green | Energy monitoring and retrofitting in maintenance operations | Positive | 5 | |
| “We use biodegradable cleaners and track waste” | Preventive Maintenance (PM) | Green | Green maintenance materials and waste tracking | Positive | 6 | |