Table 4

Periodisation of the evolution of project managers' competencies

Period of timeDescriptionKey competenciesPublication intensity
2000–2009Domination of the process approach

  • planning,

  • control,

  • organisation

1.8/year
2010–2019Discovering the importance of soft skills

  • leadership,

  • communication,

  • teamwork

4.2/year
2020–2024Striving for the integration of all dimensions

  • hybrid competencies

9.6/year
Source(s): Own elaboration based on Ahmad et al. (2023), Alam et al. (2025), Cleland and Ireland (2002), Fridgeirsson et al. (2020), Marnewick and Marnewick (2023), Meredith and Mantel (2003) and Müller et al. (2016) 
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