Table 3

BDS and CARS Differences for Educational Level and Post Hoc Analyses (Scale Range = 5–9)

FactorMean/SDBachelor’sBachelor’s PlusMaster’sPostgraduate
Selflessness     
Bachelor’s (n = 449)7.55/1.07    
Bachelor’s Plus (n = 339)7.88/0.69*   
Master’s (n = 155)7.93/0.49*   
Postgraduate (n = 98)7.97/0.62*   
Integrity     
Bachelor’s7.11/1.15    
Bachelor’s Plus7.54/0.84*   
Master’s7.79/0.57**  
Postgraduate8.04/0.54*** 
Competency     
Bachelor’s7.55/1.03    
Bachelor’s Plus7.85/0.71*   
Master’s7.92/0.44*   
Postgraduate7.98/0.59*   
Spiritual Appreciation     
Bachelor’s6.38/1.08    
Bachelor’s Plus6.54/0.99    
Master’s6.51/0.86    
Postgraduate6.83/0.78*** 
BDS Index     
Bachelor’s7.15/0.93    
Bachelor’s Plus7.45/0.68*   
Master’s7.54/0.44*   
Postgraduate7.71/0.51*** 
CARS Index     
Bachelor’s6.57/1.01    
Bachelor’s Plus6.75/0.66*   
Master’s6.81/0.55*   
Postgraduate7.00/0.47*** 

*p < .05.

[ViewLarge]
This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only

or Create an Account

Close subscription notice
Close access options