Table 5

BDS Means and Post Hoc Analyses Differences for USAF Academy Cadets and Graduates (Scale Range 5–9)

FactorMean/SDFreshmenSeniorsGraduates
Selflessness    
Freshmen7.85/0.96   
Seniors7.84/0.49   
Graduates7.89/0.57   
Integrity    
Freshmen6.87/0.97   
Seniors7.25/0.89*  
Graduates7.41/0.71** 
Competency    
Freshmen7.63/0.88   
Seniors7.75/0.76   
Graduates7.87/0.56** 
Spiritual Appreciation    
Freshmen6.28/1.11   
Seniors6.52/1.10*  
Graduates6.37/0.97   
BDS Index    
Freshmen7.15/0.76   
Seniors7.34/0.69*  
Graduates7.39/0.50*  

*p < .05.

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