Table 1. ESG reporting barriers and...

Table 1.

ESG reporting barriers and drivers of PPP projects

ID	Identified barriers and drivers	No. of occurrence	Weight	RII	References
Barr1	Competing project priorities	15	0.15	0.47	1,3,5,8,9,10,16,18,19,20,21,22,25,26,28
Barr2	Insufficient understanding of the benefit of ESG reporting	14	0.14	0.44	1,5,7,8, 9,10,11, 13,14, 20,21,25,26, 31
Barr3	Lack of investment in training and development programmes for critical actors	14	0.14	0.44	1,3,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21,26,31
Barr4	Unavailability of standardised ESG reporting standards and frameworks	10	0.10	0.31	2,5,10,12,23,25,26,29,31,32
Barr5	Complex administrative requirements and legal enforcement procedures	9	0.09	0.28	3,8,9,14,17,18,20,22,23
Barr6	Insufficient government incentives	8	0.08	0.25	1,3,7,11,12,14,23,25
Barr7	Cost involved in ESG reporting	7	0.07	0.22	1,7,8,10,20,23,25
Barr8	Difficulty measuring and tracking ESG performance	6	0.06	0.19	11,15,21,22,25,27
Barr9	Absence of comparability ESG metrices, ratings and investment approaches	5	0.05	0.16	1,18,20,27,29
Barr10	Lack of sound infrastructure and technology to report ESG	5	0.05	0.16	5,9,16, 21,23
Barr11	Limited public awareness of ESG reporting	4	0.04	0.13	3,14,18,23
Barr12	Difficulty in compiling and digitising unstructured data from multiple sources	3	0.03	0.09	12,27,31
Barr13	Inadequate ESG expertise for PPP projects	2	0.02	0.06	3,25
Drive1	Regulatory disclosure demands	10	0.19	0.31	3,4,17,18,19,23,24,25,28,30
Drive2	Improved project performance and expected long-term returns	9	0.17	0.28	4,16,17,18,19,23,25, 28, 30
Drive3	Society and external stakeholder pressures	6	0.12	0.19	10,12,17,25,28,30
Drive4	Desire to mitigate project risk	5	0.10	0.16	3, 19, 25, 30, 32
Drive5	Economic benefits	5	0.10	0.16	6,10, 16, 28, 31
Drive6	Altruistic values	4	0.08	0.13	3, 28, 30, 32
Drive7	Government and regulatory body pressures	3	0.06	0.09	10, 12, 31
Drive8	Employee and activist investor pressure	3	0.06	0.09	12, 25, 30
Drive9	Establishing cross-functional teams and accountabilities	3	0.06	0.09	18, 31, 32
Drive10	Requirements imposed by local and international financial institutions and other lenders	2	0.04	0.06	23,25
Drive11	Supply chain concerns	2	0.04	0.06	18,25

ID	Identified barriers and drivers	No. of occurrence	Weight	RII	References
Barr1	Competing project priorities	15	0.15	0.47	1,3,5,8,9,10,16,18,19,20,21,22,25,26,28
Barr2	Insufficient understanding of the benefit of ESG reporting	14	0.14	0.44	1,5,7,8, 9,10,11, 13,14, 20,21,25,26, 31
Barr3	Lack of investment in training and development programmes for critical actors	14	0.14	0.44	1,3,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21,26,31
Barr4	Unavailability of standardised ESG reporting standards and frameworks	10	0.10	0.31	2,5,10,12,23,25,26,29,31,32
Barr5	Complex administrative requirements and legal enforcement procedures	9	0.09	0.28	3,8,9,14,17,18,20,22,23
Barr6	Insufficient government incentives	8	0.08	0.25	1,3,7,11,12,14,23,25
Barr7	Cost involved in ESG reporting	7	0.07	0.22	1,7,8,10,20,23,25
Barr8	Difficulty measuring and tracking ESG performance	6	0.06	0.19	11,15,21,22,25,27
Barr9	Absence of comparability ESG metrices, ratings and investment approaches	5	0.05	0.16	1,18,20,27,29
Barr10	Lack of sound infrastructure and technology to report ESG	5	0.05	0.16	5,9,16, 21,23
Barr11	Limited public awareness of ESG reporting	4	0.04	0.13	3,14,18,23
Barr12	Difficulty in compiling and digitising unstructured data from multiple sources	3	0.03	0.09	12,27,31
Barr13	Inadequate ESG expertise for PPP projects	2	0.02	0.06	3,25
Drive1	Regulatory disclosure demands	10	0.19	0.31	3,4,17,18,19,23,24,25,28,30
Drive2	Improved project performance and expected long-term returns	9	0.17	0.28	4,16,17,18,19,23,25, 28, 30
Drive3	Society and external stakeholder pressures	6	0.12	0.19	10,12,17,25,28,30
Drive4	Desire to mitigate project risk	5	0.10	0.16	3, 19, 25, 30, 32
Drive5	Economic benefits	5	0.10	0.16	6,10, 16, 28, 31
Drive6	Altruistic values	4	0.08	0.13	3, 28, 30, 32
Drive7	Government and regulatory body pressures	3	0.06	0.09	10, 12, 31
Drive8	Employee and activist investor pressure	3	0.06	0.09	12, 25, 30
Drive9	Establishing cross-functional teams and accountabilities	3	0.06	0.09	18, 31, 32
Drive10	Requirements imposed by local and international financial institutions and other lenders	2	0.04	0.06	23,25
Drive11	Supply chain concerns	2	0.04	0.06	18,25

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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