Notes: RMSEA: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, CFI: Comparative Fit Index, TFI: Tucker Fit Index (TFI). χ²_d = Chi-square difference test for the compared models;

df_d = Chi-square difference test degrees of freedom. Wave 1 – Fall 2004, Grade 3, n = 593; Wave 2 – Spring 2005, Grade 3, n = 557; Wave 3 – Fall 2005, Grade 4, n = 547; Wave 4 – Spring 2006, Grade 4, n = 512; Wave 5 – Spring 2007, Grade 5, n = 496.

^aChi-square difference test comparing one factor model as H₀ and second-order factor model as H₁ such that the one factor model was considered as nested within the second-order factor model.

^bChi-square different test comparing correlated factors model as H₀ second-order factor model as H₁ such that the correlated factors model was considered as nested within the second-order factor model.

^cModel fit did not meet criteria (CFI values < .90) and thus chi-square difference test was not computed.

^dModel fit was nonpositive definite and thus chi-square difference test was not computed.

^*p < .01.