Concurrent Associations of SECDS General and Individual Scales with Measures of Expected Correlates of Social-Emotional and Character Development at Wave 5 by Gender and Race
| Measure | Prosocial Behavior | Honesty | Self- Development | Self- Control | Respect at School | Respect at Home | General |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measures Examined for Concurrent Associations with SECDS Scores | |||||||
| Engagement versus | .32 / .37 / .51 | .40 / .37 / .56 | .40 / .31 / .42 | .23 / .33 / .50 | .23 / .42 / .42 | .36 / .39 / .54 / | .46 / .46 / .59 |
| Disaffection with Learning | / .25 / .36 | / .33 / .41 | / .25 / .39 | / .22 / .38 | / .41 / .40 | .30 / .37 | / .36 / .48 |
| Negative School | -.35 / -.33 / | -.41 / -.32 / | -.32 / -.22 / | -.36 / -.39 / | -.43 / -.39 / | -.24 / -.26 / | -.43 / -.41 / |
| Orientation | -.40 / -.35 / | -.39 / -.34 / | -.39 / -.28 / | -.58 / -.33 / | -.53 / -.43 / | -.36 / -.18 / | -.54 / -.40 / |
| -.28 | -.36 | -.24 | -.31 | -.38 | -.26 | -.38 | |
| Good friends Affiliation | .59 / .50 / .75 | .62 / .45 / .72 | .47 / .40 / .59 | .47 / .40 / .67 | .43 / .33 / .45 | .43 / .41 / .53 / | .61 / .52 / .73 |
| / .51 / .56 | / .49 / .56 | / .34 / .50 | / .39 / .45 | / .33 / .34 | .32 / .51 | / .50 / .59 | |
| Bad friends Affiliation | -.37 / -.26 / | -.45 / -.25 / | -.32 / -.13 / | -.44 / -.28 / | -.42 / -.31 / | -.32 / -.18 / | -.48 / -.30 / |
| -.45 / -.33 / | -.46 / -.39 / | -.30 / -.27 / | -.35 / -.39 / | -.27 / -.35 / | -.45 / -.16 / | -.44 / -.40 / | |
| -.23 | -.31 | -.26 | -.31 | -.43 | -.35 | -.40 | |
| Positive Belief in Moral | .55 / .40 / .41 | .52 / .40 / .47 | .47 / .32 / .42 | .54 / .41 / .59 | .49 / .33 / .53 | .44 / .23 / .51 / | .59 / .44 / .57 |
| Order | / .57 / .40 | / .48 / .43 | / .42 / .39 | / .47 / .47 | / .42 / .33 | .30 / .36 | / .56 / .45 |
| Negative Belief in Moral | -.50 / -.35 / | -.60 / -.44 / | -.46 / -.21 / | -.61 / -.51 / | -.60 / -.46 / | -.42 / -.28 / | -.66 / -.48 / |
| Order | -.32 / -.49 / | -.53 / .58 / | -.49 / -.34 / | -.72 / -.62 / | -.63 / -.52 / | -.44 / -.36 / | -.62 / -.62 / |
| -.39 | -.52 | -.39 | -.53 | -.59 | -.37 | -.59 | |
| Aggressive Problem | -.38 / -.33 / | -.38 / -.36 / | -.25 / -.21 / | -.43 / -.41 / | -.29 / -.34 / | -.20 / -.18 / | -.41 / -.39 / |
| Solving | -.41 / -.41 / | -.33 / -.43 / | -.10 / -.32 / | -.14 / -.50 / | -.10 / -.36 / | -.22 / -.27 / | -.25 / -.49 / |
| -.34 | -.38 | -.20 | -.43 | -.31 | -.18 | -.41 | |
| Competence Problem | .43 / .36 / .32 | .42 / .33 / .34 | .30 / .26 / .17 | .45 / .43 / .45 | .42 / .33 / .20 | .23 / .15 / .08 / | .46 / .40 / .31 |
| Solving | / .49 / .34 | / .45 / .34 | / .41 / .20 | / .51 / .43 | / .40 / .38 | .23 / .20 | / .53 / .40 |
| Altruistic Behavior | .40 / .31 / .26 | .36 / .28 / .15 | .29 / .30 / .13 | .30 / .17 / .11 | .20 / .11 / | .23 / .20 / .12 / | .44 / .35 / .16 |
| / .37 / .35 | / .38 / .27 | / .31 / .33 | / .30 / .15 | -.06 / .19 / .18 | .22 / .26 | / .47 / .38 | |
| Positive Affect | .51 / .44 / .36 | .45 / .45 / .34 | .56 / .37 / .44 | .35 / .38 / .35 | .36 / .32 / .29 | .40 / .46 / .21 / | .53 / .50 / .39 |
| / .47 / .47 | / .42 / .46 | / .41 / .53 | / .38 / .34 | / .40 / .24 | .43 / .42 | / .52 / .50 | |
| Negative Affect | .19 / -.09 / | .21 / -.01 / | .16 / -.03 / | .11 / .01 / | .03 / -.08 / | .03 / -.10 / .06 | .15 / -.06 / |
| -.10 / .08 / .10 | -.08 / .15 / .10 | .02 / .06 / .17 | -.07 / .08 / .12 | .06 / -.01 / | / -.01 / -.05 | -.03 / .07 / .09 | |
| -.01 | |||||||
| Self-Esteem | .28 / .42 / .33 | .25 / .35 / .37 | .28 / .26 / .24 | .27 / .37 / .48 | .24 / .41 / .26 | .30 / .43 / .29 / | .33 / .46 / .39 |
| / .27 / .45 | / .18 / .38 | / .22 / .29 | / .20 / .38 | / .36 / .27 | .35 / .35 | / .32 / .44 | |
| Life Satisfaction | .38 / .35 / .19 | .37 / .35 / .30 | .31 / .18 / .08 | .40 / .34 / .34 | .35 / .32 / .15 | .46 / .46 / .27 / | .46 / .42 / .27 |
| / .30 / .45 | / .27 / .40 | / .15 / .31 | / .28 / .42 | / .35 / .28 | .40 / .49 | / .36 / .49 | |
| Measures Examined for Longitudinal Associations with SECDS Scores | |||||||
| Positive Health Behavior | .45 / .46 / .43 | .46 / .47 / .50 | .40 / .30 / .45 | .41 / .43 / .46 | .40 / .41 / .46 | .34 / .42 / .37 / | .50 / .52 / .52 |
| / .39 / .53 | / .40 / .52 | / .24 / .46 | / .37 / .44 | / .34 / .47 | .30 / .42 | / .43 / .58 | |
| Student Self-Report | .15 / .14 / .37 | .14 / .07 / .44 | .23 / .12 / .49 | .16 / .13 / .42 | .22 / .26 / .55 | .21 / .08 / .5 / | .21 / .17 / .54 |
| Grades | / .10 / .12 | / .05 / .08 | / .05 / .25 | / .12 / .08 | / .23 / .15 | .13 / .08 | / .14 / .12 |
| Depression | .01 / -.27 / | -.07 / -.14 / | -.13 / -.14 / | -.09 / -.19 / | -.13 / -.25 / | -.23 / -.21 / | -.14 / -.25 / |
| -.34 / -.13 / | -.21 / -.01 / | -.11 / -.11 / | -.35 / -.04 / | -.23 / -.21 / | -.31 / -.15 / | -.30 / -.13 / | |
| -.09 | -.12 | -.13 | -.13 | -.10 | -.14 | -.16 | |
| Anxiety | .00 / -.30 / | -.04 / -.27 / | -.06 / -.16 / | -.04 / -.30 / | -.07 / -.27 / | -.10 / -.16 / | -.06 / -.31 / |
| -.35 / -.12 / | -.25 / -.10 / | -.25 / -.10 / | -.24 / -.10 / | -.17 / -.18 / | -.26 / -.12 / | -.30 / -.15 / | |
| -.13 | -.19 | -.11 | -.17 | -.15 | -.05 | -.17 | |
| Substance Use Behavior | -.22 / -.22 / | -.23 / -.31 / | -.19 / -.17 / | -.32 / -.29 / | -.35 / -.34 / | -.26 / -.23 / | -.31 / -.33 / |
| -.10 / -.20 / | -.21 / -.25 / | -.20 / -.17 / | -.15 / -.27 / | -.24 / -.35 / | -.17 / -.13 / | -.21 / -.29 / | |
| -.21 | -.26 | -.25 | -.35 | -.39 | -.37 | -.35 | |
| Violence-related | -.35 / -.33 / | -.33 / -.29 / | -.27 / -.18 / | -.43 / -.40 / | -.44 / -.34 / | -.25 / -.31 / | -.42 / -.39 / |
| Behavior | -.24 / -.37 / | -.38 / -.32 / | -.28 / -.24 / | -.39 / -.46 / | -.36 / -.41 / | -.29 / -.27 / | -.38 / -.44 / |
| -.31 | -.35 | -.30 | -.32 | -.40 | -.29 | -.38 | |
| Measure | Prosocial Behavior | Honesty | Self- Development | Self- Control | Respect at School | Respect at Home | General |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measures Examined for Concurrent Associations with SECDS Scores | |||||||
| Engagement versus | .32 / .37 / .51 | .40 / .37 / .56 | .40 / .31 / .42 | .23 / .33 / .50 | .23 / .42 / .42 | .36 / .39 / .54 / | .46 / .46 / .59 |
| Disaffection with Learning | / .25 / .36 | / .33 / .41 | / .25 / .39 | / .22 / .38 | / .41 / .40 | .30 / .37 | / .36 / .48 |
| Negative School | -.35 / -.33 / | -.41 / -.32 / | -.32 / -.22 / | -.36 / -.39 / | -.43 / -.39 / | -.24 / -.26 / | -.43 / -.41 / |
| Orientation | -.40 / -.35 / | -.39 / -.34 / | -.39 / -.28 / | -.58 / -.33 / | -.53 / -.43 / | -.36 / -.18 / | -.54 / -.40 / |
| -.28 | -.36 | -.24 | -.31 | -.38 | -.26 | -.38 | |
| Good friends Affiliation | .59 / .50 / .75 | .62 / .45 / .72 | .47 / .40 / .59 | .47 / .40 / .67 | .43 / .33 / .45 | .43 / .41 / .53 / | .61 / .52 / .73 |
| / .51 / .56 | / .49 / .56 | / .34 / .50 | / .39 / .45 | / .33 / .34 | .32 / .51 | / .50 / .59 | |
| Bad friends Affiliation | -.37 / -.26 / | -.45 / -.25 / | -.32 / -.13 / | -.44 / -.28 / | -.42 / -.31 / | -.32 / -.18 / | -.48 / -.30 / |
| -.45 / -.33 / | -.46 / -.39 / | -.30 / -.27 / | -.35 / -.39 / | -.27 / -.35 / | -.45 / -.16 / | -.44 / -.40 / | |
| -.23 | -.31 | -.26 | -.31 | -.43 | -.35 | -.40 | |
| Positive Belief in Moral | .55 / .40 / .41 | .52 / .40 / .47 | .47 / .32 / .42 | .54 / .41 / .59 | .49 / .33 / .53 | .44 / .23 / .51 / | .59 / .44 / .57 |
| Order | / .57 / .40 | / .48 / .43 | / .42 / .39 | / .47 / .47 | / .42 / .33 | .30 / .36 | / .56 / .45 |
| Negative Belief in Moral | -.50 / -.35 / | -.60 / -.44 / | -.46 / -.21 / | -.61 / -.51 / | -.60 / -.46 / | -.42 / -.28 / | -.66 / -.48 / |
| Order | -.32 / -.49 / | -.53 / .58 / | -.49 / -.34 / | -.72 / -.62 / | -.63 / -.52 / | -.44 / -.36 / | -.62 / -.62 / |
| -.39 | -.52 | -.39 | -.53 | -.59 | -.37 | -.59 | |
| Aggressive Problem | -.38 / -.33 / | -.38 / -.36 / | -.25 / -.21 / | -.43 / -.41 / | -.29 / -.34 / | -.20 / -.18 / | -.41 / -.39 / |
| Solving | -.41 / -.41 / | -.33 / -.43 / | -.10 / -.32 / | -.14 / -.50 / | -.10 / -.36 / | -.22 / -.27 / | -.25 / -.49 / |
| -.34 | -.38 | -.20 | -.43 | -.31 | -.18 | -.41 | |
| Competence Problem | .43 / .36 / .32 | .42 / .33 / .34 | .30 / .26 / .17 | .45 / .43 / .45 | .42 / .33 / .20 | .23 / .15 / .08 / | .46 / .40 / .31 |
| Solving | / .49 / .34 | / .45 / .34 | / .41 / .20 | / .51 / .43 | / .40 / .38 | .23 / .20 | / .53 / .40 |
| Altruistic Behavior | .40 / .31 / .26 | .36 / .28 / .15 | .29 / .30 / .13 | .30 / .17 / .11 | .20 / .11 / | .23 / .20 / .12 / | .44 / .35 / .16 |
| / .37 / .35 | / .38 / .27 | / .31 / .33 | / .30 / .15 | -.06 / .19 / .18 | .22 / .26 | / .47 / .38 | |
| Positive Affect | .51 / .44 / .36 | .45 / .45 / .34 | .56 / .37 / .44 | .35 / .38 / .35 | .36 / .32 / .29 | .40 / .46 / .21 / | .53 / .50 / .39 |
| / .47 / .47 | / .42 / .46 | / .41 / .53 | / .38 / .34 | / .40 / .24 | .43 / .42 | / .52 / .50 | |
| Negative Affect | .19 / -.09 / | .21 / -.01 / | .16 / -.03 / | .11 / .01 / | .03 / -.08 / | .03 / -.10 / .06 | .15 / -.06 / |
| -.10 / .08 / .10 | -.08 / .15 / .10 | .02 / .06 / .17 | -.07 / .08 / .12 | .06 / -.01 / | / -.01 / -.05 | -.03 / .07 / .09 | |
| -.01 | |||||||
| Self-Esteem | .28 / .42 / .33 | .25 / .35 / .37 | .28 / .26 / .24 | .27 / .37 / .48 | .24 / .41 / .26 | .30 / .43 / .29 / | .33 / .46 / .39 |
| / .27 / .45 | / .18 / .38 | / .22 / .29 | / .20 / .38 | / .36 / .27 | .35 / .35 | / .32 / .44 | |
| Life Satisfaction | .38 / .35 / .19 | .37 / .35 / .30 | .31 / .18 / .08 | .40 / .34 / .34 | .35 / .32 / .15 | .46 / .46 / .27 / | .46 / .42 / .27 |
| / .30 / .45 | / .27 / .40 | / .15 / .31 | / .28 / .42 | / .35 / .28 | .40 / .49 | / .36 / .49 | |
| Measures Examined for Longitudinal Associations with SECDS Scores | |||||||
| Positive Health Behavior | .45 / .46 / .43 | .46 / .47 / .50 | .40 / .30 / .45 | .41 / .43 / .46 | .40 / .41 / .46 | .34 / .42 / .37 / | .50 / .52 / .52 |
| / .39 / .53 | / .40 / .52 | / .24 / .46 | / .37 / .44 | / .34 / .47 | .30 / .42 | / .43 / .58 | |
| Student Self-Report | .15 / .14 / .37 | .14 / .07 / .44 | .23 / .12 / .49 | .16 / .13 / .42 | .22 / .26 / .55 | .21 / .08 / .5 / | .21 / .17 / .54 |
| Grades | / .10 / .12 | / .05 / .08 | / .05 / .25 | / .12 / .08 | / .23 / .15 | .13 / .08 | / .14 / .12 |
| Depression | .01 / -.27 / | -.07 / -.14 / | -.13 / -.14 / | -.09 / -.19 / | -.13 / -.25 / | -.23 / -.21 / | -.14 / -.25 / |
| -.34 / -.13 / | -.21 / -.01 / | -.11 / -.11 / | -.35 / -.04 / | -.23 / -.21 / | -.31 / -.15 / | -.30 / -.13 / | |
| -.09 | -.12 | -.13 | -.13 | -.10 | -.14 | -.16 | |
| Anxiety | .00 / -.30 / | -.04 / -.27 / | -.06 / -.16 / | -.04 / -.30 / | -.07 / -.27 / | -.10 / -.16 / | -.06 / -.31 / |
| -.35 / -.12 / | -.25 / -.10 / | -.25 / -.10 / | -.24 / -.10 / | -.17 / -.18 / | -.26 / -.12 / | -.30 / -.15 / | |
| -.13 | -.19 | -.11 | -.17 | -.15 | -.05 | -.17 | |
| Substance Use Behavior | -.22 / -.22 / | -.23 / -.31 / | -.19 / -.17 / | -.32 / -.29 / | -.35 / -.34 / | -.26 / -.23 / | -.31 / -.33 / |
| -.10 / -.20 / | -.21 / -.25 / | -.20 / -.17 / | -.15 / -.27 / | -.24 / -.35 / | -.17 / -.13 / | -.21 / -.29 / | |
| -.21 | -.26 | -.25 | -.35 | -.39 | -.37 | -.35 | |
| Violence-related | -.35 / -.33 / | -.33 / -.29 / | -.27 / -.18 / | -.43 / -.40 / | -.44 / -.34 / | -.25 / -.31 / | -.42 / -.39 / |
| Behavior | -.24 / -.37 / | -.38 / -.32 / | -.28 / -.24 / | -.39 / -.46 / | -.36 / -.41 / | -.29 / -.27 / | -.38 / -.44 / |
| -.31 | -.35 | -.30 | -.32 | -.40 | -.29 | -.38 | |
Note: SECDS: Social-Emotional and Character Development Scale. Associations by Gender (Boys, Girls) then Race (Caucasian, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino). Associations by gender are partial correlations controlling for school, treatment condition, and race and those for race are partial correlations controlling for school, treatment condition, and gender. Average n’s: Boys n = 225, Girls n = 252, Caucasian n = 50, Black/African American n = 248, Hispanic/Latino n = 151. All correlations above |.18|were significant (p < .05).
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.