Consistent Predictors of Civic Engagement Outcomes
| Environmental Conservation | Community Service | Intention to Vote | Political Discussion | Willingness to Contact Officiala | Personal Efficacy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Background Characteristics | ||||||
| Female (vs. male) | negative | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | negative | POSITIVE | |
| Ethnicity (vs. White) | ||||||
| African American | negative | negative | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | ||
| Latino | POSITIVE | negative | ||||
| Other ethnicity | negative | |||||
| Grade in school | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | ||||
| Free/reduced-price lunch | negative | negative | negative | |||
| Adults in family (vs. two) | ||||||
| One | ||||||
| Three or more | ||||||
| School-Related Factors | ||||||
| Positive character | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | ||
| Conflict resolution skill | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | |
| Academic grades | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | ||||
| School discussion climate | negative | negative | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | |
| School engagement | POSITIVE | negative | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | ||
| School belonging | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | |||
| School support | POSITIVE | |||||
| Personal safety | POSITIVE | negative | ||||
| Extracurricular Activities | ||||||
| Sport activities | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | negative | |||
| Nonsport activities | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | ||
| Civic Outcomes | ||||||
| Environmental | na | POSITIVE | negative | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE |
| conservation | ||||||
| Community service | POSITIVE | na | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE |
| Intention to vote | negative | POSITIVE | na | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE |
| Political discussion | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | na | POSITIVE | POSITIVE |
| Willingness to contact | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | na | |
| official | ||||||
| Personal efficacy | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | na |
| Environmental Conservation | Community Service | Intention to Vote | Political Discussion | Willingness to Contact Official | Personal Efficacy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female (vs. male) | negative | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | negative | POSITIVE | |
| Ethnicity (vs. White) | ||||||
| African American | negative | negative | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | ||
| Latino | POSITIVE | negative | ||||
| Other ethnicity | negative | |||||
| Grade in school | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | ||||
| Free/reduced-price lunch | negative | negative | negative | |||
| Adults in family (vs. two) | ||||||
| One | ||||||
| Three or more | ||||||
| Positive character | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | ||
| Conflict resolution skill | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | |
| Academic grades | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | ||||
| School discussion climate | negative | negative | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | |
| School engagement | POSITIVE | negative | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | ||
| School belonging | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | |||
| School support | POSITIVE | |||||
| Personal safety | POSITIVE | negative | ||||
| Sport activities | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | negative | |||
| Nonsport activities | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | ||
| Environmental | na | POSITIVE | negative | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE |
| conservation | ||||||
| Community service | POSITIVE | na | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE |
| Intention to vote | negative | POSITIVE | na | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE |
| Political discussion | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | na | POSITIVE | POSITIVE |
| Willingness to contact | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | na | |
| official | ||||||
| Personal efficacy | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | POSITIVE | na |
Note: Consistent predictors are significant (p < .05) in the same direction (POSITIVE/negative) in 2008 and 2009.
aThe 2008 version of this item read “contacted” rather than “would contact” a public official.
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