Table 3 Keyword map nodes Keyword...

Table 3

Keyword map nodes

Keyword	Frequency	Cluster	Degree	Betweenness
Learning analytics	1964	1	30	43.57
Machine learning	1,231	1	23	48.07
Deep learning	1,203	1	19	45.4
Online learning	697	1	20	69.32
E-learning	658	1	18	29.53
Engagement	592	1	18	37.47
Active learning	510	1	13	37.64
Gamification	504	1	21	113.33
Adaptive learning	482	1	16	49.94
Self-regulated learning	395	1	16	65.4
Cognitive load	331	1	7	4.56
Blended learning	305	1	9	25.87
Educational data mining	281	1	3	0
Engineering education	273	1	8	4.75
Collaborative learning	261	1	7	19.87
Flipped classroom	249	1	8	11.33
Intelligent tutoring systems	245	1	7	2.12
Game-based learning	212	1	5	2.33
Computer vision	188	1	4	2.67
Online education	184	1	4	13.33
Experiential learning	168	1	5	25.5
Natural language processing	162	1	4	0.58
Artificial intelligence	3,797	2	55	96.95
Higher education	2038	2	40	81.77
Student engagement	2026	2	44	210.39
Chatgpt	1818	2	38	114.8
Generative ai	1,185	2	31	183.81
Educational technology	809	2	24	82.98
Motivation	714	2	25	93.32
Personalized learning	669	2	23	34.07
Education	661	2	21	46
Generative artificial intelligence	652	2	18	126.07
Artificial intelligence (ai)	524	2	10	4
Ai	445	2	11	7.5
Academic performance	335	2	11	4.9
Large language models	311	2	7	0.75
Self-efficacy	294	2	9	14.16
Learning	291	2	11	10.82
Ai in education	284	2	8	12
Ai literacy	280	2	6	2.08
Feedback	245	2	10	13.44
Self-determination theory	245	2	8	3.75
Critical thinking	239	2	6	0.5
Assessment	232	2	7	0.7
Pedagogy	227	2	9	25.57
Academic integrity	222	2	7	3.5
Technology	220	2	10	17.28
Chatbots	218	2	8	8.32
Learning outcomes	218	2	5	0
Artificial intelligence in education	210	2	4	6.95
Chatbot	207	2	5	3.42
Creativity	191	2	7	15.33
Medical education	189	2	4	0
Teaching	185	2	8	13.83
Student motivation	181	2	6	16.12
Systematic review	166	2	5	0.33
Learning motivation	193	3	4	6
Learning engagement	193	3	4	9.38
Virtual reality	245	4	8	3.18
Augmented reality	228	4	6	1

Keyword	Frequency	Cluster	Degree	Betweenness
Learning analytics	1964	1	30	43.57
Machine learning	1,231	1	23	48.07
Deep learning	1,203	1	19	45.4
Online learning	697	1	20	69.32
E-learning	658	1	18	29.53
Engagement	592	1	18	37.47
Active learning	510	1	13	37.64
Gamification	504	1	21	113.33
Adaptive learning	482	1	16	49.94
Self-regulated learning	395	1	16	65.4
Cognitive load	331	1	7	4.56
Blended learning	305	1	9	25.87
Educational data mining	281	1	3	0
Engineering education	273	1	8	4.75
Collaborative learning	261	1	7	19.87
Flipped classroom	249	1	8	11.33
Intelligent tutoring systems	245	1	7	2.12
Game-based learning	212	1	5	2.33
Computer vision	188	1	4	2.67
Online education	184	1	4	13.33
Experiential learning	168	1	5	25.5
Natural language processing	162	1	4	0.58
Artificial intelligence	3,797	2	55	96.95
Higher education	2038	2	40	81.77
Student engagement	2026	2	44	210.39
Chatgpt	1818	2	38	114.8
Generative ai	1,185	2	31	183.81
Educational technology	809	2	24	82.98
Motivation	714	2	25	93.32
Personalized learning	669	2	23	34.07
Education	661	2	21	46
Generative artificial intelligence	652	2	18	126.07
Artificial intelligence (ai)	524	2	10	4
Ai	445	2	11	7.5
Academic performance	335	2	11	4.9
Large language models	311	2	7	0.75
Self-efficacy	294	2	9	14.16
Learning	291	2	11	10.82
Ai in education	284	2	8	12
Ai literacy	280	2	6	2.08
Feedback	245	2	10	13.44
Self-determination theory	245	2	8	3.75
Critical thinking	239	2	6	0.5
Assessment	232	2	7	0.7
Pedagogy	227	2	9	25.57
Academic integrity	222	2	7	3.5
Technology	220	2	10	17.28
Chatbots	218	2	8	8.32
Learning outcomes	218	2	5	0
Artificial intelligence in education	210	2	4	6.95
Chatbot	207	2	5	3.42
Creativity	191	2	7	15.33
Medical education	189	2	4	0
Teaching	185	2	8	13.83
Student motivation	181	2	6	16.12
Systematic review	166	2	5	0.33
Learning motivation	193	3	4	6
Learning engagement	193	3	4	9.38
Virtual reality	245	4	8	3.18
Augmented reality	228	4	6	1

Source(s): Scopus data base

[ViewLarge]