Description of tone categories
| Category | Description |
|---|---|
| Positive (P) | Includes words such as achieve, attain, efficient, improve, profitable, or upturn that is unilateral in potential tone. Care was taken not to include positive words that cannot be easily overturned |
| Negative (N) | Words with direct negative meaning, examples include restated, discontinued, penalties, misstatement, misconduct, etc |
| Weak modal (WM) | Expressing level of confidence, thus words indicating a lack of confidence. E.g., could, depending, might, possibly, etc |
| Strong modal (SM) | Expressing level of confidence, thus words indicating confidence and necessity. E.g., always, highest, must, will, etc |
| Constraining (C) | Words qualifying and limiting, such as depending, directive, forbid, encumber, limit, etc |
| Uncertainty (U) | Words denoting uncertainty, with emphasis on the general notion of imprecision rather than exclusively focusing on risk |
| Litigious (L) | Words reflecting a propensity for legal contest or litigiousness or reflecting a litigious environment |
| Category | Description |
|---|---|
| Positive (P) | Includes words such as achieve, attain, efficient, improve, profitable, or upturn that is unilateral in potential tone. Care was taken not to include positive words that cannot be easily overturned |
| Negative (N) | Words with direct negative meaning, examples include restated, discontinued, penalties, misstatement, misconduct, etc |
| Weak modal ( | Expressing level of confidence, thus words indicating a lack of confidence. E.g., could, depending, might, possibly, etc |
| Strong modal ( | Expressing level of confidence, thus words indicating confidence and necessity. E.g., always, highest, must, will, etc |
| Constraining (C) | Words qualifying and limiting, such as depending, directive, forbid, encumber, limit, etc |
| Uncertainty (U) | Words denoting uncertainty, with emphasis on the general notion of imprecision rather than exclusively focusing on risk |
| Litigious (L) | Words reflecting a propensity for legal contest or litigiousness or reflecting a litigious environment |