Table 4. Hierarchical regression...

Table 4.

Hierarchical regression analysis predicting cognitive AI safety (N = 311)

Predictor	Model 1 (β)	Model 2 (β)	t	p	VIF
Step 1: Controls
Age	−0.008	0.000	0.009	0.993	1.005
Gender	0.099	0.117	2.172	0.031*	1.026
Fields	−0.066	0.049	0.841	0.401	1.224
Step 2: AI literacy
Technical AI		0.241	3.054	0.002*	2.216
Conceptual AI		0.174	2.362	0.019*	1.944
R²	0.012	0.144
ΔR²		0.132
Sig. F change		<0.001

Predictor	Model 1 (β)	Model 2 (β)	t	p	VIF
Step 1: Controls
Age	−0.008	0.000	0.009	0.993	1.005
Gender	0.099	0.117	2.172	0.031*	1.026
Fields	−0.066	0.049	0.841	0.401	1.224
Step 2: AI literacy
Technical AI		0.241	3.054	0.002*	2.216
Conceptual AI		0.174	2.362	0.019*	1.944
R²	0.012	0.144
ΔR²		0.132
Sig. F change		<0.001

Note(s):

Dependent variable: CAISS_Total. Standardised beta coefficients (β) are reported

*Significant at p < 0.05

Source(s): Authors’ own work