Descriptives of All Study Variables (N = 176 at Time 1, N = 126 at Time 2)
| Mean (SD) / n (%) | Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Child Characteristics at Time 1 | ||
| Age | 10.95 (0.48) | 10.19-12.58 |
| Female, n (%) | 112 (63.63%) | |
| Male, n (%) | 64 (36.36%) | |
| African American, n (%) | 140 (79.54%) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 36 (20.46%) | |
| Free and reduced lunch status, n (%) | 112 (63.63%) | |
| Student-reported total resiliencea | 18.96 (3.38) | 7-22 |
| Teacher-reported total social skillsb | 19.82 (5.77) | 5-26 |
| Teacher-reported internalizing | 1.43 (1.92) | 0-7 |
| Teacher-reported externalizing | 1.63 (2.32) | 0-8 |
| Teacher-reported hyperactivity | 2.07 (2.35) | 0-8 |
| Child Characteristics at Time 2 | ||
| Age | 10.95 (0.47) | 10.19-12.24 |
| Female, n (%) | 81 (63.28%) | |
| Male, n (%) | 47 (36.72%) | |
| African American, n (%) | 103 (80.47%) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 25 (19.53%) | |
| Free and reduced lunch status, n (%) | 86 (67.19%) | |
| Student-reported total resiliencea | 19.07 (3.42) | 7-22 |
| Teacher-reported total social skillsb | 20.91 (6.17) | 6-26 |
| Teacher-reported internalizing | 1.66 (2.01) | 0- |
| Teacher-reported externalizing | 1.97 (2.56) | 0-8 |
| Teacher-reported hyperactivity | 2.07 (2.49) | 0-8 |
| Essay Characteristics | ||
| Word count | 406.07 (129.59) | 138-921 |
| Personal pronouns (% of total essay) | 17.20 (3.16) | 7.78-23.21 |
| Social processes (% of total essay) | 16.16 (4.54) | 3.90-32.45 |
| Family (% of total essay) | 2.57 (1.99) | 0.00-9.68 |
| Friends (% of total essay) | 0.38 (0.84) | 0.00-7.16 |
| Positive emotion (% of total essay) | 5.40 (3.29) | 0.57-17.88 |
| Anxiety (% of total essay) | 0.23 (0.39) | 0.00-2.75 |
| Anger (% of total essay) | 0.39 (0.51) | 0.00-2.71 |
| Sadness (% of total essay) | 0.49 (0.59) | 0.00-3.23 |
| Insight (% of total essay) | 2.26 (1.15) | 0.00-6.80 |
| Death (% of total essay) | 0.13 (0.31) | 0.00-1.88 |
| Mean (SD) / | Range | |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 10.95 (0.48) | 10.19-12.58 |
| Female, | 112 (63.63%) | |
| Male, | 64 (36.36%) | |
| African American, | 140 (79.54%) | |
| Hispanic, | 36 (20.46%) | |
| Free and reduced lunch status, | 112 (63.63%) | |
| Student-reported total resilience | 18.96 (3.38) | 7-22 |
| Teacher-reported total social skills | 19.82 (5.77) | 5-26 |
| Teacher-reported internalizing | 1.43 (1.92) | 0-7 |
| Teacher-reported externalizing | 1.63 (2.32) | 0-8 |
| Teacher-reported hyperactivity | 2.07 (2.35) | 0-8 |
| Age | 10.95 (0.47) | 10.19-12.24 |
| Female, | 81 (63.28%) | |
| Male, | 47 (36.72%) | |
| African American, n (%) | 103 (80.47%) | |
| Hispanic, | 25 (19.53%) | |
| Free and reduced lunch status, | 86 (67.19%) | |
| Student-reported total resilience | 19.07 (3.42) | 7-22 |
| Teacher-reported total social skills | 20.91 (6.17) | 6-26 |
| Teacher-reported internalizing | 1.66 (2.01) | 0- |
| Teacher-reported externalizing | 1.97 (2.56) | 0-8 |
| Teacher-reported hyperactivity | 2.07 (2.49) | 0-8 |
| Word count | 406.07 (129.59) | 138-921 |
| Personal pronouns (% of total essay) | 17.20 (3.16) | 7.78-23.21 |
| Social processes (% of total essay) | 16.16 (4.54) | 3.90-32.45 |
| Family (% of total essay) | 2.57 (1.99) | 0.00-9.68 |
| Friends (% of total essay) | 0.38 (0.84) | 0.00-7.16 |
| Positive emotion (% of total essay) | 5.40 (3.29) | 0.57-17.88 |
| Anxiety (% of total essay) | 0.23 (0.39) | 0.00-2.75 |
| Anger (% of total essay) | 0.39 (0.51) | 0.00-2.71 |
| Sadness (% of total essay) | 0.49 (0.59) | 0.00-3.23 |
| Insight (% of total essay) | 2.26 (1.15) | 0.00-6.80 |
| Death (% of total essay) | 0.13 (0.31) | 0.00-1.88 |
Student-reported total resilience is a sum total of the happiness, freedom from anxiety, and behavioral adjustment subscales of the Piers Harris Self Concept scale.
Teacher-reported total social skills is a sum total of the cooperation, assertiveness, and self-control subscales of the Social Skills Rating System-Teacher Version measure.
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.