Inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the scoping review
| PCC | inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|
| Participants (P) | All professionals (e.g. nurses, physicians, midwives, therapists) and leaders and managers* | Students and patients |
| Concept (C) | Any leadership behaviours, regardless of their nature (e.g. positive, negative, dark), for preventing and reducing workplace loneliness and social isolation | Does not apply leadership behaviours concerning workplace loneliness and social isolation |
| Context (C) | All healthcare settings and organisations in all geographic locations and cultural groups | Other than healthcare settings |
| Type of studies | Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods study designs | Other types of publications, such as systematic and other types of reviews, opinion papers, editorials and theoretical papers |
| Grey literature: conference proceedings and doctoral theses |
| inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | |
|---|---|---|
| Participants (P) | All professionals (e.g. nurses, physicians, midwives, therapists) and leaders and managers | Students and patients |
| Concept (C) | Any leadership behaviours, regardless of their nature (e.g. positive, negative, dark), for preventing and reducing workplace loneliness and social isolation | Does not apply leadership behaviours concerning workplace loneliness and social isolation |
| Context (C) | All healthcare settings and organisations in all geographic locations and cultural groups | Other than healthcare settings |
| Type of studies | Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods study designs | Other types of publications, such as systematic and other types of reviews, opinion papers, editorials and theoretical papers |
| Grey literature: conference proceedings and doctoral theses |
*At least 50% of the participants must be healthcare workers. If the study included multiple groups, only results from studies that compared healthcare professionals or leaders with managers from other groups were used
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