Representative quotes
| Themes | Subthemes | Initial coding | Illustrative quotes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge leakage | Employee mobility | Departing employees leave with knowledge which can be leaked | If employer leave the company, so when they are departing from one company to the other, the risk of knowledge also departs, from one company to the other. They might leak knowledge. (Project Manager, Contractor 3) |
| Information disorder | Misquoting things Unreliable sources for information | Knowledge leakage occurs as the media did from visiting the site, looking at things they got to know about things, and were misquoting them. They talked to whoever would be standing over there. The media came and saw these things and highlighted them. They created a negative image. (Project Manager, Contractor 1) | |
| Misuse of knowledge-sharing tools | Sharing something on WhatsApp cause of leakage | There are like 10 people in WhatsApp group, and if you share something there and then that gets spread everywhere. Things get leaked. (Transport Manager, Client) | |
| Diverse stakeholders’ involvement | Different sources of knowledge leakage Some team members act irresponsibly and spread misinformation | Some days back [project name] bus hit a column, the driver was less trained and the wind screen was damaged, it happens, it’s not a big deal, all our things are insured next day, the wind screen was fixed at zero cost. I’m trying to tell you that my team started getting calls, what happened? How did it happen? So many people report it with responsibility, but one or two said that look these are so low-quality buses that it has been four days since they started running and their windows are breaking. (Technical Director, Operating Consultant) | |
| Knowledge protection | Nondisclosure agreements | Nondisclosure agreement place restrictions on information sharing | We do nondisclosure agreement, that any type of pictures or any type of internet-based information should not be sent. Nobody can share information from their cell phone, laptop or desktop, not to themselves and not to others, so we have set these parameters for information leakage. (Communication Manager, Client) |
| Standard operating procedures | Cameras are on a private network, not remotely accessible | You have to control leakages through SOPs. Our control room is very sensitive, in there is the surveillance feed, even our automatic fare collection and bus scheduling data comes at the portal. The cameras are on private network and are not remotely accessible, so in our contracts, there are specific clauses that the contractor cannot use any information without the client’s permission. (Transport Manager, Client) | |
| Education and training | Training, meetings and workshops to protect knowledge | People are trained at various levels, there are meetings and workshops and conferences which are held in which the importance of protecting the specific or sensitive nature of knowledge is imparted, people are trained not to share anything that is sensitive or of sensitive nature or whose leakage maybe detrimental for the project, for the organization or for the country. (Senior Project Manager, Design Consultant) | |
| Sharing relevant knowledge | Information should not be shared with irrelevant people | The information should not reach irrelevant people, whether the people are of your organization or outside, nobody should know the information about the organization who don’t have any link with it, for example, my link is with operation and I should only know about, so what you have to do is that the information does not reach to people who are not relevant. (Communication Manager, Client) |
| Themes | Subthemes | Initial coding | Illustrative quotes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge leakage | Employee mobility | Departing employees leave with knowledge which can be leaked | If employer leave the company, so when they are departing from one company to the other, the risk of knowledge also departs, from one company to the other. They might leak knowledge. (Project Manager, Contractor 3) |
| Information disorder | Misquoting things Unreliable sources for information | Knowledge leakage occurs as the media did from visiting the site, looking at things they got to know about things, and were misquoting them. They talked to whoever would be standing over there. The media came and saw these things and highlighted them. They created a negative image. (Project Manager, Contractor 1) | |
| Misuse of knowledge-sharing tools | Sharing something on WhatsApp cause of leakage | There are like 10 people in WhatsApp group, and if you share something there and then that gets spread everywhere. Things get leaked. (Transport Manager, Client) | |
| Diverse stakeholders’ involvement | Different sources of knowledge leakage Some team members act irresponsibly and spread misinformation | Some days back [project name] bus hit a column, the driver was less trained and the wind screen was damaged, it happens, it’s not a big deal, all our things are insured next day, the wind screen was fixed at zero cost. I’m trying to tell you that my team started getting calls, what happened? How did it happen? So many people report it with responsibility, but one or two said that look these are so low-quality buses that it has been four days since they started running and their windows are breaking. (Technical Director, Operating Consultant) | |
| Knowledge protection | Nondisclosure agreements | Nondisclosure agreement place restrictions on information sharing | We do nondisclosure agreement, that any type of pictures or any type of internet-based information should not be sent. Nobody can share information from their cell phone, laptop or desktop, not to themselves and not to others, so we have set these parameters for information leakage. (Communication Manager, Client) |
| Standard operating procedures | Cameras are on a private network, not remotely accessible | You have to control leakages through SOPs. Our control room is very sensitive, in there is the surveillance feed, even our automatic fare collection and bus scheduling data comes at the portal. The cameras are on private network and are not remotely accessible, so in our contracts, there are specific clauses that the contractor cannot use any information without the client’s permission. (Transport Manager, Client) | |
| Education and training | Training, meetings and workshops to protect knowledge | People are trained at various levels, there are meetings and workshops and conferences which are held in which the importance of protecting the specific or sensitive nature of knowledge is imparted, people are trained not to share anything that is sensitive or of sensitive nature or whose leakage maybe detrimental for the project, for the organization or for the country. (Senior Project Manager, Design Consultant) | |
| Sharing relevant knowledge | Information should not be shared with irrelevant people | The information should not reach irrelevant people, whether the people are of your organization or outside, nobody should know the information about the organization who don’t have any link with it, for example, my link is with operation and I should only know about, so what you have to do is that the information does not reach to people who are not relevant. (Communication Manager, Client) |