Table 4 Final scale – factor loadings,... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Final scale – factor loadings, reliability, and variance explained (N = 200)

Factors	Item	Factor loadings	Cronbach's α	Variance explained, %
Factor 1: Data protection distrust	I am concerned that my personal and academic data could be shared with third parties without my permission. (V1)	0.827	0.812	24.325
	I am afraid that stored and processed data might be changed or manipulated without authorization. (V2)	0.811
	I am concerned that my stored information could be used for purposes other than those originally intended without my knowledge or consent. (V4)	0.876
Factor 2: Functional distrust	I doubt that the suggestions or recommendations it provides effectively support my learning needs. (V5)	0.796	0.706	21.475
	I am concerned that the technology may not adequately address specific learning goals or objectives. (V6)	0.801
	I am sceptical about the tool's ability to deliver meaningful educational outcomes for me. (V8)	0.787
Factor 3: Distrust of AI replacing humans	A trainer with extensive experience can teach more effectively than an AI. (V10)	0.855	0.752	22.685
	Experienced trainers have a deeper understanding of the entrepreneurial process than AI can achieve. (V11)	0.787
	A human trainer can better understand my emotional needs and adapt their teaching accordingly, which AI tools cannot do. (V13)	0.781
Total variance explained (%)				68.485

Factors	Item	Factor loadings	Cronbach's α	Variance explained, %
Factor 1: Data protection distrust	I am concerned that my personal and academic data could be shared with third parties without my permission. (V1)	0.827	0.812	24.325
	I am afraid that stored and processed data might be changed or manipulated without authorization. (V2)	0.811
	I am concerned that my stored information could be used for purposes other than those originally intended without my knowledge or consent. (V4)	0.876
Factor 2: Functional distrust	I doubt that the suggestions or recommendations it provides effectively support my learning needs. (V5)	0.796	0.706	21.475
	I am concerned that the technology may not adequately address specific learning goals or objectives. (V6)	0.801
	I am sceptical about the tool's ability to deliver meaningful educational outcomes for me. (V8)	0.787
Factor 3: Distrust of AI replacing humans	A trainer with extensive experience can teach more effectively than an AI. (V10)	0.855	0.752	22.685
	Experienced trainers have a deeper understanding of the entrepreneurial process than AI can achieve. (V11)	0.787
	A human trainer can better understand my emotional needs and adapt their teaching accordingly, which AI tools cannot do. (V13)	0.781
Total variance explained (%)				68.485

Note(s): KMO = 0.709

Extraction method: Principal Component Analysis

Rotation method: Varimax with Kaiser normalization

Source(s): Authors’ own work