TableĀ 1

Key distinctions between traditional and distributed leadership

AspectTraditional leadershipDistributed leadership
Main ActorSingle leader (principal,CEO)Multiple agents (leaders, teachers, staff)
AuthorityHierarchical, position-basedShared, expertise-based
Decision-MakingTop-down, centralizedCollaborative, networked
FlexibilityMay be limitedHigh, adaptive to context
Knowledge FlowLinearMultidirectional
Examples in SchoolsPrincipal mandates changeLeadership teams, teacher mentoring

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