Table 3. Hope and (self-perceived)...

Table 3.

Hope and (self-perceived) action competence across groups with different future outlook (as identified by WA)

Measure	Total		w/ pos.WA		no pos.WA			w/ neg.WA		no neg.WA			w/ neu.WA		no neu.WA
	N = 216		N = 106		N = 110			N = 116		N = 100			N = 157		N = 59
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	p	M	SD	M	SD	p	M	SD	M	SD	p
PW	5.38	0.99	5.44	0.92	5.32	1.04	0.35	5.23	1.00	5.55	0.94	0.02	5.38	1.05	5.38	0.8	0.97
CW	4.85	1.07	5.09	0.94	4.61	1.13	0.00	4.61	1.03	5.12	1.05	0.00	4.85	1.08	4.84	1.05	0.99
LW	3.46	1.38	3.40	1.40	3.52	1.35	0.52	3.55	1.41	3.35	1.33	0.27	3.44	1.34	3.52	1.46	0.69
Hope	5.11	0.93	5.27	0.82	4.96	1.00	0.02	4.92	0.92	5.34	0.89	0.00	5.11	0.97	5.11	0.8	0.99
KAP	4.13	0.60	4.21	0.58	4.05	0.64	0.06	4.06	0.68	4.22	0.52	0.05	4.13	0.64	4.15	0.56	0.82
COI	3.73	0.85	3.86	0.75	3.60	0.91	0.02	3.59	0.92	3.88	0.73	0.01	3.76	0.85	3.64	0.84	0.35
WTA	3.96	0.71	4.04	0.70	3.88	0.72	0.11	3.88	0.77	4.05	0.64	0.07	3.97	0.73	3.93	0.67	0.69
Action competence	3.94	0.64	4.04	0.60	3.85	0.67	0.03	3.84	0.70	4.05	0.55	0.02	3.95	0.66	3.91	0.6	0.63

Measure	Total		w/ pos.WA		no pos.WA			w/ neg.WA		no neg.WA			w/ neu.WA		no neu.WA
	N = 216		N = 106		N = 110			N = 116		N = 100			N = 157		N = 59
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	p	M	SD	M	SD	p	M	SD	M	SD	p
PW	5.38	0.99	5.44	0.92	5.32	1.04	0.35	5.23	1.00	5.55	0.94	0.02	5.38	1.05	5.38	0.8	0.97
CW	4.85	1.07	5.09	0.94	4.61	1.13	0.00	4.61	1.03	5.12	1.05	0.00	4.85	1.08	4.84	1.05	0.99
LW	3.46	1.38	3.40	1.40	3.52	1.35	0.52	3.55	1.41	3.35	1.33	0.27	3.44	1.34	3.52	1.46	0.69
Hope	5.11	0.93	5.27	0.82	4.96	1.00	0.02	4.92	0.92	5.34	0.89	0.00	5.11	0.97	5.11	0.8	0.99
KAP	4.13	0.60	4.21	0.58	4.05	0.64	0.06	4.06	0.68	4.22	0.52	0.05	4.13	0.64	4.15	0.56	0.82
COI	3.73	0.85	3.86	0.75	3.60	0.91	0.02	3.59	0.92	3.88	0.73	0.01	3.76	0.85	3.64	0.84	0.35
WTA	3.96	0.71	4.04	0.70	3.88	0.72	0.11	3.88	0.77	4.05	0.64	0.07	3.97	0.73	3.93	0.67	0.69
Action competence	3.94	0.64	4.04	0.60	3.85	0.67	0.03	3.84	0.70	4.05	0.55	0.02	3.95	0.66	3.91	0.6	0.63

Note(s):

KAP = knowledge; COI = confidence; WTA = willingness; PW = personal way/willpower; CW = collective way/willpower; LW = lack of way/willpower; w/pos. WA – respondents who associated positive words, no pos. WA – respondents who did not, WA word association, values for LW are reported for reference only as the construct was dropped from Hope’s measurement model due to insufficient factor loading and reliability

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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