Descriptive Statistics, Results From Follow-Up ANOVAs, and Post Hoc Comparisons for Each Empathy Scale for Students With Higher and Lower Baseline Empathy
| Time | Time Main Effect (FStatistic) | Effect Size (ηp2) | Post Hoc Comparisons | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre (1) Mean (SD) | Imm. Post (2) Mean (SD) | Del. Post (3) Mean (SD) | (1) to (2) | (2) to (3) | (1) to (3) | ||||
| Lower baseline empathy (n = 59) | PT | 2.94 (0.47) | 03.16 (0.50) | 3.12 (0.42) | 7.45** | 0.11 | 0.21** | -0.04 | 0.18** |
| F | 2.76 (0.58) | 2.98 (0.69) | 3.06 (0.70) | 13.86*** | 0.19 | 0.22** | 0.09 | 0.30*** | |
| EC | 3.26 (0.56) | 3.49 (0.58) | 3.29 (0.45) | 7.54** | 0.12 | 0.22** | -0.19** | 0.03 | |
| OES | 2.99 (0.27) | 3.21 (0.39) | 3.16 (0.34) | 16.29*** | 0.19 | 0.22*** | -0.05 | 0.17*** | |
| Higher baseline empathy (n = 62) | PT | 3.74 (0.54) | 3.84 (0.61) | 3.59 (0.62) | 7.08** | 0.10 | 0.10 | -0.25** | -0.15^ |
| F | 3.78 (0.61) | 3.94 (0.69) | 3.72 (0.65) | 4.87^ | 0.07 | 0.16^ | -0.21* | -0.06 | |
| EC | 4.03 (0.47) | 4.04 (0.56) | 3.80 (0.60) | 9.48*** | 0.14 | 0.02 | -0.23** | -0.25*** | |
| OES | 3.85 (0.34) | 3.94 (0.43) | 3.71 (0.45) | 14.11*** | 0.22 | 0.09 | -0.23*** | -0.14** | |
| Time | Time Main Effect (FStatistic) | Effect Size (ηp2) | Post Hoc Comparisons | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre (1) Mean (SD) | Imm. Post (2) Mean (SD) | Del. Post (3) Mean (SD) | (1) to (2) | (2) to (3) | (1) to (3) | ||||
| Lower baseline empathy (n = 59) | PT | 2.94 (0.47) | 03.16 (0.50) | 3.12 (0.42) | 7.45** | 0.11 | 0.21** | -0.04 | 0.18** |
| F | 2.76 (0.58) | 2.98 (0.69) | 3.06 (0.70) | 13.86*** | 0.19 | 0.22** | 0.09 | 0.30*** | |
| EC | 3.26 (0.56) | 3.49 (0.58) | 3.29 (0.45) | 7.54** | 0.12 | 0.22** | -0.19** | 0.03 | |
| OES | 2.99 (0.27) | 3.21 (0.39) | 3.16 (0.34) | 16.29*** | 0.19 | 0.22*** | -0.05 | 0.17*** | |
| Higher baseline empathy (n = 62) | PT | 3.74 (0.54) | 3.84 (0.61) | 3.59 (0.62) | 7.08** | 0.10 | 0.10 | -0.25** | -0.15^ |
| F | 3.78 (0.61) | 3.94 (0.69) | 3.72 (0.65) | 4.87^ | 0.07 | 0.16^ | -0.21* | -0.06 | |
| EC | 4.03 (0.47) | 4.04 (0.56) | 3.80 (0.60) | 9.48*** | 0.14 | 0.02 | -0.23** | -0.25*** | |
| OES | 3.85 (0.34) | 3.94 (0.43) | 3.71 (0.45) | 14.11*** | 0.22 | 0.09 | -0.23*** | -0.14** | |
Note: PT = perspective-taking; F = fantasy; EC = Empathic concern; OES = overall empathy score, or mean of PT, F, and EC scales.
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