Table 3

Key gaps in the literature on African smallholder climate adaptation

Gap typeSpecific gapResearch priority
GeographicWest African forest-savannah zones are underrepresentedHigh
Ghana's transition zone lacks empirical evidenceHigh
Comparative cross-regional African studies are absentMedium
TheoreticalKAP linearity assumptions inadequately testedHigh
Forest-agriculture system interactions are unexploredHigh
Institutional mediation mechanisms unspecifiedHigh
MethodologicalLongitudinal adaptation tracking is absentHigh
Economic cost-benefit analyses are rareHigh
Experimental intervention evaluations are lackingMedium

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