Table 3

Error correction model regression results

Independent variable(1)(2)
Farm ∼ processingRetail ∼ processing
Δln(processing(t))Δln(processing(t))
(Intercept)0.000 (0.001)−0.002 (0.002)
ECT(t−1)+−0.082 (0.062)0.169 (0.130)
ECT(t−1)−−0.255*** (0.071)−0.476*** (0.124)
Number of lags63
Test of asymmetry (H0: ECT+ = ECT−)
F-test stat3.0189.551
p-value0.084*0.002***

Note(s): The number of lagged price variables was selected using the Akaike information criteria. Standard errors in parenthesis. Asterisks denote significance at 10% (*), 5% (**), and 1% (***) levels

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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