Table 3 Managerial orientation toward... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Managerial orientation toward sustainability

Cognitive content
Managerial orientation	Sustainability	Objectives	Interventions	Value
Business-as-usual	Sustains the current business model	Increase economic productivity and continuous growth	Minimize changes to the business model	Profits, revenue and factors that affect immediate operations
Instrumental	Maximizes resource efficiency and differentiation	Increase the firm’s competitive advantage through higher revenue and cost savings	Maximize outputs, increase differentiation	Profits and revenue; environmental and social objectives that benefit the firm’s economic goals
Transition	Extends the lifespan of the current business model	Increase the firm’s resilience to changes in the business environment or operating conditions	Redesign subsystems of the business model	Profits, revenue and risk mitigation
Transformation	Achieves socioecological harmony and systemic change	Increase the business model’s contribution to creating an equitable, safe and just world	Promote long-term systemic change	Environmental and social equity are prioritized, and operating profits are maintained

Cognitive content
Managerial orientation	Sustainability	Objectives	Interventions	Value
Business-as-usual	Sustains the current business model	Increase economic productivity and continuous growth	Minimize changes to the business model	Profits, revenue and factors that affect immediate operations
Instrumental	Maximizes resource efficiency and differentiation	Increase the firm’s competitive advantage through higher revenue and cost savings	Maximize outputs, increase differentiation	Profits and revenue; environmental and social objectives that benefit the firm’s economic goals
Transition	Extends the lifespan of the current business model	Increase the firm’s resilience to changes in the business environment or operating conditions	Redesign subsystems of the business model	Profits, revenue and risk mitigation
Transformation	Achieves socioecological harmony and systemic change	Increase the business model’s contribution to creating an equitable, safe and just world	Promote long-term systemic change	Environmental and social equity are prioritized, and operating profits are maintained

Source(s): Authors’ own work