Environmental Kuznets hypothesis – fixed effects models
| Model statistics | ||
|---|---|---|
| Statistic | CO2pc | PM2.5 |
| Observations (N) | 850 | 850 |
| F statistic | F(7,33) = 27.16 | F(7,33) = 11.64 |
| Prob > F | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| R-squared | 0.9070 | 0.9669 |
| Adj R-squared | 0.8994 | 0.9642 |
| Within R-sq | 0.1956 | 0.0301 |
| Root MSE | 0.1149 | 0.0749 |
| Clusters (year) | 34 | 34 |
| Model statistics | ||
|---|---|---|
| Statistic | CO2pc | PM2.5 |
| Observations ( | 850 | 850 |
| F statistic | F(7,33) = 27.16 | F(7,33) = 11.64 |
| Prob > F | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| 0.9070 | 0.9669 | |
| Adj | 0.8994 | 0.9642 |
| Within | 0.1956 | 0.0301 |
| Root MSE | 0.1149 | 0.0749 |
| Clusters (year) | 34 | 34 |
| Variable | CO2pc (clustered by year) | PM2.5 (clustered by year) |
|---|---|---|
| BUw | −0.083 (0.063) | −0.015 (0.013) |
| FORw | 0.007 (0.006) | −0.011 (0.002)*** |
| BUw × FORw | −0.130 (0.041)*** | −0.033 (0.016)** |
| GDPpc_c | 0.270 (0.043)*** | −0.003 (0.022) |
| GDPpc_c2 | −0.059 (0.017)*** | −0.014 (0.013) |
| URB | 0.012 (0.004)*** | 0.003 (0.001)*** |
| ARB | 0.007 (0.002)*** | −0.003 (0.002)* |
| _cons | 0.977 (0.276)*** | 2.616 (0.079)*** |
| Variable | CO2pc (clustered by year) | PM2.5 (clustered by year) |
|---|---|---|
| BUw | −0.083 (0.063) | −0.015 (0.013) |
| FORw | 0.007 (0.006) | −0.011 (0.002)*** |
| BUw × FORw | −0.130 (0.041)*** | −0.033 (0.016)** |
| GDPpc_c | 0.270 (0.043)*** | −0.003 (0.022) |
| GDPpc_c2 | −0.059 (0.017)*** | −0.014 (0.013) |
| URB | 0.012 (0.004)*** | 0.003 (0.001)*** |
| ARB | 0.007 (0.002)*** | −0.003 (0.002)* |
| _cons | 0.977 (0.276)*** | 2.616 (0.079)*** |
Note(s): Robust standard errors in parentheses (clustered at year level): *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01