Table 2 Descriptive statistics,...

Table 2

Descriptive statistics, coefficient reliabilities and correlations of the instruments

Variable	Mean	SD	p	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. Intrinsic motivation	5.38	1.01	0.81	1
2. Extrinsic motivation	6.03	1.29	0.70	0.502^**	1
3. Amotivation	2.11	1.35	0.72	0.070	0.117**	1
4. Surface learning	2.46	0.82	0.82	0.101**	0.268**	0.782**	1
5. Deep learning	3.69	0.72	0.86	0.602**	0.414**	−0.047	0.124**	1
6. Executive Function	2.67	0.43	0.89	0.115**	−0.063	−0.474^**	−0.426**	0.321**	1

Variable	Mean	SD	p	1	2	3	4	5	6
1. Intrinsic motivation	5.38	1.01	0.81	1
2. Extrinsic motivation	6.03	1.29	0.70	0.502^**	1
3. Amotivation	2.11	1.35	0.72	0.070	0.117**	1
4. Surface learning	2.46	0.82	0.82	0.101**	0.268**	0.782**	1
5. Deep learning	3.69	0.72	0.86	0.602**	0.414**	−0.047	0.124**	1
6. Executive Function	2.67	0.43	0.89	0.115**	−0.063	−0.474^**	−0.426**	0.321**	1

Note(s): p $\leq$ 0.01**p $\leq 0.05$ * The motivation-related variables (Items 1–3) in the first column were measured on 7-point scales, the scale for EF (item 6) = 4 and learning (items 4–5) = 5. The correlation coefficients were deemed a small effect when r < 0.3, a medium effect when r ≥ 0.3 and a large effect when r ≥ 0.5

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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