Table 1

Summary of the related work

Ref.ContextInvestigated topics and factors
1Shahbaznezhad et al. (2021) Employees' Behavior in Phishing AttacksThis study examines three categories of factors, i.e. individual, organizational, and technological, which influence users' intentions when encountering phishing emails. Theory: Protection Motivation Theory/Theory of planned behavior/Deterrence theory
2Buckley et al. (2023) Employee phishing email behaviorsThis study investigates the interplay among sociodemographic factors, cybersecurity training, phishing email typology, information processing, and both risky and secure email-response behaviors. Theory: Not Specified
3Tian et al. (2023) Phishing susceptibility across industriesThis research examines how industry-specific characteristics affect susceptibility to phishing influence techniques. Theory: Self-Determination Theory
4Frank et al. (2022) Employees' phishing susceptibilityThe study investigates a multidimensional model that incorporates three contextual components: social, task, and physical. This model explains why an employee may be susceptible to phishing attempts or, conversely, why they might resist them. Theory: Contextual theory
5Pratama et al. (2025) Employee phishing email behaviorsThe study investigates the factors influencing employees' intentions to refrain from clicking links in phishing emails. The findings reveal that self-efficacy, perceived vulnerability, and perceived severity significantly influence employees' behavioral intentions. Theory: Protection Motivation Theory
6Sumner et al. (2022) Effectiveness of Anti-Phishing TrainingThis study investigates the influence of various factors on the effectiveness of anti-phishing training. It also explores the correlation between personality traits and an individual's susceptibility to phishing attempts. Theory: Technology threat avoidance theory
7Sulaiman et al. (2022) Cybersecurity behavior among governmental employeesThis study examines the factors influencing the cybersecurity behavior of governmental employees. It addresses an often-ignored topic: how government employees handle cybersecurity risks. The findings reveal that high motivation, high severity, response efficacy, and self-efficacy are critical in exercising cybersecurity behavior. Theory: Protection Motivation Theory
8Akib et al. (2025) Cybersecurity compliance among banking employeesThis study examines the role of policy provision and security training and awareness activities in the cybersecurity compliance behavior of banking employees. Theory: Protection Motivation Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior
9Lee et al. (2023a) Cybersecurity policy compliance among employeesThe study examines both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect employees' psychological contract breach and cybersecurity compliance. Theory: Theory of Planned Behavior and General Deterrence Theory
10Safa et al. (2019) Employee MisconductThis study concerns the insider threats to organizations in the context of cybersecurity. A novel framework is presented to mitigate insider threats by integrating multiple factors. Theory: Deterrence Theory, Situational Crime Prevention Theory, Theory of Planned Behaviour

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