Codebook
| Code/sub-code | Code type | Definition | Illustrative example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Theme 1: Dual-role participation in live shopping marketplaces [Inductive] | |||
| 1.1 Buyer entry motivations | Inductive | Reasons cited by buyers for joining the platform, spanning hedonic (entertainment, novelty) and utilitarian (deal-seeking, product access) drivers | “if you’re looking for fun and to buy what your look for this is the app” (R8) |
| 1.2 Seller entry motivations | Inductive | Instrumental reasons articulated by sellers for participating, including market access, reduced platform barriers and income generation | “I make good passive income flipping collectibles here” (R267) |
| 1.3 Role transition: buyer to seller | Inductive | Accounts of users narrating a shift from sole buyer to active seller, often prompted by community familiarity and product knowledge | “..I’m a buyer and a seller”; “I love this app I buy and I sell..” (R242; R89) |
| 1.4 Community–commerce reinforcement loop | Inductive | The self-reinforcing dynamic in which social integration drives continued platform engagement, which in turn deepens relational ties and purchase frequency | “greatest community I’ve ever been a part of” (R378); “Great way to build a loyal community!” (R376) |
| 1.5 Addiction and compulsive engagement | Inductive | Explicit user acknowledgements of habit-forming or loss-of-control behavior in relation to platform use, including financial overspending | “Be Careful! It’s Addictive!” (R101); “I spend way too much money here” (R801) |
| 1.6 New seller structural disadvantage | Inductive | Experiences of asymmetric visibility and access faced by newer sellers because of algorithmic and reputational dynamics favoring established streamers | “Awesome to buy on but very hard to sell on as a new seller” (R257) |
| Theme 2: Marketplace experience and community [Inductive] | |||
| 2.1 Platform as relational infrastructure | Inductive | Perceptions of the marketplace as an active agent that enables or constrains buyer–seller relationships through its design, policies and technical performance | “WHATNOT CUSTOMER SERVICE IS THE WORST … THEY WILL STEAL YOUR MONEY” (R126) |
| 2.1.1 Positive platform experience | Inductive | Reviews affirming smooth functionality, user-friendly interface and overall satisfaction with platform operations | “Safe and convenient to use” (R1); “great UI and easy to navigate” (R1033) |
| 2.1.2 Technical failures and performance issues | Inductive | Reports of app crashes, bid timer desynchronization, streaming glitches and update-related disruptions that impede participation | “the timer does not synch properly … making it impossible to bid” (R206) |
| 2.1.3 Customer service and dispute resolution | Inductive | Evaluations of the platform’s responsiveness to complaints, refund processing and accountability enforcement | “every time I haven’t gotten a product that I purchased 100% of the money was refunded. I trust Whatnot completely” (R862); “Terrible customer service” (R1061) |
| 2.2 Community belonging and social integration | Inductive | Expressions of affective attachment to the platform community, including shared identity, camaraderie and informal social norms | “It is like one big party!!” (R1086); “great community, especially the magic scene” (R364) |
| 2.3 Community as informal governance | Inductive | Instances where community members actively policed norms, warned peers about problematic sellers and amplified or suppressed reputations | “To many scammers on this app that’s hurting the community” (R318); warnings shared among buyers (R307–R315) |
| Theme 3: The role of trust in live shopping marketplaces [Inductive] | |||
| 3.1 Platform-level trust | Inductive | Confidence in the marketplace’s integrity, fairness and capacity to protect participants through governance, dispute resolution and seller oversight | “I trust Whatnot completely” (R862); “They do not hold sellers accountable” (R137) |
| 3.1.1 Trust in platform governance | Inductive | Positive assessments of the platform’s enforcement, protection policies and overall structural reliability | “Whatnot does work with you if something is wrong” (R1043); “whatnot has great policies to protect buyer and seller” (R352) |
| 3.1.2 Platform accountability failure | Inductive | Perceptions that the marketplace tolerates or enables seller misconduct, resulting in loss of institutional trust | “The app is riddled with scammers, and the company … ruled in favor of keeping proven scammers” (R316) |
| 3.2 Seller-level trust | Inductive | Confidence in individual seller reliability, honesty and competence, formed through live-stream observation and transaction history | “most honest seller on WhatNot and his store is all for his family” (R621) |
| 3.2.1 Performed authenticity | Inductive | Consistent, personally expressive stream conduct interpreted by viewers as evidence of genuine character and reliability | “most honest seller on WhatNot … his offers are outta this human world” (R621) |
| 3.2.2 Transparency enactment | Inductive | Real-time product inspection and full disclosure during live streams that reduce informational asymmetry beyond what static listings permit | “always a good time … great grading of the slabs” (R63) |
| 3.2.3 Narrative embedding | Inductive | Personal stories shared by sellers during streams that create biographical coherence and invite trust through perceived shared humanity | “his store is all for his family” – biographical framing (R621) |
| 3.3 Dual-object trust management | Inductive | Simultaneous, independent calibration of trust in the platform and in individual sellers, where each assessment may diverge and partially compensate for the other | “you just need to weed through the streamers to find one right and good for you” (R862) |
| Theme 4: Antecedents of relationship commitment and trust [Deductive – CTT] | |||
| 4.1 Relationship termination costs | Deductive | Anticipated losses – financial, social and collection-related – associated with leaving the platform or a specific seller relationship | “I love this app, since I have found this app I haven’t shopped anywhere else” (R493) |
| 4.1.1 Collection integrity as switching barrier | Deductive | The perceived cost of losing access to trusted curation and completing collections as a driver of platform retention | “I have completed quite a few collections and met a ton of really cool people” (R274) |
| 4.1.2 Community status and recognition loss | Deductive | Loss of social standing, chat recognition and peer relationships that would result from exiting the platform | Regular buyers citing community friendships as reasons for staying despite negative experiences (R223; R274) |
| 4.2 Relationship benefits | Deductive | Perceived net advantages of the buyer–seller relationship, including transactional gains, preferential treatment and relational capital | “been great and made lots great friends on here and get deals” (R223) |
| 4.2.1 Transactional benefits | Deductive | Concrete economic advantages such as competitive pricing, exclusive deals and fast shipping relative to alternatives | “great items put on and all have very fast shipping” (R180); “great deals every day” (R227) |
| 4.2.2 Interactional and relational benefits | Deductive | Non-monetary benefits from ongoing interaction, including friendship, community belonging and personalized seller engagement | “Participating in live auctions and bidding in real time is genuinely engaging” (R34) |
| 4.2.3 Preferential treatment and reciprocity | Deductive | Buyers receiving better deals, early access or personalized shout-outs perceived as earned through demonstrated loyalty | “been great and made lots great friends on here and get deals” (R223) — ongoing engagement yielding both social and transactional reciprocal benefits |
| 4.3 Shared values | Deductive | Perceived alignment between buyer and seller in beliefs, conduct, ethical standards and goals, as observable through live stream behavior | “They take care of customers and have pride in their work. Quality people in my eyes” (R497) |
| 4.3.1 Value alignment cues | Deductive | Signals used by buyers to infer value congruence, including grading transparency, chat moderation conduct and charitable initiatives | “lots of interaction, and great cards and variety … great grading of the slabs” (R63) |
| 4.3.2 Value violation and betrayal | Deductive | Perceived deception where initial alignment had elevated expectations, resulting in heightened trust damage | “Some of the vendors don’t disclose everything on the products sold” (R945) |
| 4.4 Communication | Deductive | Timely and meaningful information exchange between buyers and sellers enabled by live-streaming’s synchronous, two-way format | “I love watching the auctions and choppin it up with fellow Funko Pop Finatics” (R390) |
| 4.4.1 Interactional immediacy (live advantage) | Deductive | The perception of unmediated access to sellers in real time that generates relational closeness rapidly and signals trustworthiness | “get place to buy and watch streams. make friends and chat” (R674) |
| 4.4.2 Communication failure and rude conduct | Deductive | Instances of delayed, dismissive or absent responses by sellers or the platform that signal unreliability and erode trust | “I won’t buy from rude sellers”; “the seller … has no communication skills” (R1043; R135) |
| 4.5 Opportunistic behavior | Deductive | Self-serving actions by sellers or the platform that exploit participants, often through deception or inadequate disclosure | “App is riddled with scammers … Avoid at all costs” (R316) |
| 4.5.1 Non-disclosure of defects and misrepresentation | Deductive | Seller failure to reveal product flaws, resealed packaging or inauthentic items during live streams | “the pops are damaged and you can’t tell until you receive them … not disclosed by sellers” (R843) |
| 4.5.2 Mystery box and gambling-like mechanics | Deductive | Platform-sanctioned chance-based selling formats that exploit FOMO and uncertainty, amplifying financial risk for buyers | “mystery box streams that are very blatantly just unregulated gambling” (R876) |
| 4.5.3 Platform complicity in seller misconduct | Deductive | Buyer perceptions that the marketplace protects or retains dishonest sellers, attributing systemic opportunism to the platform | “the company … repeatedly ruled in favor of keeping proven scammers” (R316) |
| Theme 5: Outcomes of relationship commitment and trust [Deductive – CTT] | |||
| 5.1 Acquiescence | Deductive | Willingness to comply with or defer to seller recommendations, platform policies or curated bundles, based on trust and commitment | “my favorite seller Head_over_deals has the best created merchandise on the planet” (R243) |
| 5.1.1 Expert deference | Deductive | Buyers actively accepting seller judgements on product quality, grading or authenticity in expertise-intensive categories | Buyers following trusted sellers’ grading calls and pricing in collectibles streams (R63; R243) |
| 5.1.2 Habitual purchasing | Deductive | Repeated buying from the same seller without deliberate evaluation, reflecting relationship-based loyalty over systematic comparison | “I pretty much buy everything I need here” (R1100); “since I found this app I haven’t shopped anywhere else” (R493) |
| 5.2 Propensity to leave | Deductive | Perceived likelihood of terminating the buyer–seller relationship or leaving the platform, expressed as intent, threat or accomplished exit | “I will not be using this app moving forward” (R135) |
| 5.2.1 Gradual disengagement | Deductive | Slow reduction in engagement frequency or spending, often following repeated minor disappointments | “Had to stop buying from Whatnot. More times than not the pops are damaged” (R843) |
| 5.2.2 Dramatic or public exit | Deductive | Abrupt, often publicly announced platform departure following a critical trust-eroding incident | “I had to delete the app”; public announcements of unfollowing in chat (R427) |
| 5.2.3 Conditional or temporary exit | Deductive | Users who leave the platform but return when conditions improve, maintaining partial commitment that enables re-entry | Reviewer reports mounting stream bugs, continues conditionally, then self-edits: “whatnot has been working great, all issues I had before are all fixed” (R651) |
| 5.3 Cooperation | Deductive | Collaborative behaviors by buyers and sellers directed at mutual goal achievement, including peer-to-peer assistance within the community | “people are helpful also if there are problems” (R1091) |
| 5.3.1 Buyer–seller cooperative behavior | Deductive | Instances of coordinated action between buyers and sellers to resolve issues, negotiate terms or provide mutual support | “people are helpful also if there are problems. Whatnot will help. Their response time is awesome” (R1091) |
| 5.3.2 Peer-to-peer community assistance | Deductive | Buyers help other buyers by greeting newcomers, advising on bidding etiquette or sharing information about sellers | “Friendly, fun community of seller’s, shoppers and knowledgeable people who are willing … to help. It is like one big party!!” (R1086) |
| 5.4 Functional conflict | Deductive | Disagreements between buyers and sellers (or with the platform) that, when managed constructively, reinforce relationship commitment through demonstrated fairness | “why are the sellers allow to block a buyer when we give honest comments” (R1048) |
| 5.4.1 Constructive conflict resolution | Deductive | Disputes resolved visibly and fairly, strengthening commitment among parties who witness or experience equitable remediation | “Thankfully whatnot does work with you if something is wrong” (R1043) |
| 5.4.2 Destructive conflict and relationship exit | Deductive | Unresolved or mishandled disputes that deepen dissatisfaction and accelerate disengagement or platform departure | Sellers blocking buyers who leave critical feedback; users abandoning the app after unresolved refund disputes (R1048; R135) |
| 5.5 Uncertainty | Deductive | Lack of information or predictability that constrains confident decision-making; trust functions as the primary mechanism for reducing uncertainty in rapid live-auction contexts | “Chats are fun and you really get to review your item before bidding on it” (R1100) |
| 5.5.1 Trust as uncertainty reduction | Deductive | High trust enabling confident, higher-value bidding by removing the need for repeated due diligence on seller reliability | “Freaky Fast Shipping and Extremely Professional. Highly Recommend” (R176) |
| 5.5.2 Heightened uncertainty and suppressed engagement | Deductive | Low trust leading to hedging strategies (trial purchases, smaller bids) or complete withdrawal from the platform | “installed as I just got into Pokemon … too many reviews about scammers … no thanks” (R708) |
| Code/sub-code | Code type | Definition | Illustrative example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Theme 1: Dual-role participation in live shopping marketplaces [Inductive] | |||
| 1.1 Buyer entry motivations | Inductive | Reasons cited by buyers for joining the platform, spanning hedonic (entertainment, novelty) and utilitarian (deal-seeking, product access) drivers | “if you’re looking for fun and to buy what your look for this is the app” (R8) |
| 1.2 Seller entry motivations | Inductive | Instrumental reasons articulated by sellers for participating, including market access, reduced platform barriers and income generation | “I make good passive income flipping collectibles here” (R267) |
| 1.3 Role transition: buyer to seller | Inductive | Accounts of users narrating a shift from sole buyer to active seller, often prompted by community familiarity and product knowledge | “..I’m a buyer and a seller”; “I love this app I buy and I sell..” (R242; R89) |
| 1.4 Community–commerce reinforcement loop | Inductive | The self-reinforcing dynamic in which social integration drives continued platform engagement, which in turn deepens relational ties and purchase frequency | “greatest community I’ve ever been a part of” (R378); “Great way to build a loyal community!” (R376) |
| 1.5 Addiction and compulsive engagement | Inductive | Explicit user acknowledgements of habit-forming or loss-of-control behavior in relation to platform use, including financial overspending | “Be Careful! It’s Addictive!” (R101); “I spend way too much money here” (R801) |
| 1.6 New seller structural disadvantage | Inductive | Experiences of asymmetric visibility and access faced by newer sellers because of algorithmic and reputational dynamics favoring established streamers | “Awesome to buy on but very hard to sell on as a new seller” (R257) |
| Theme 2: Marketplace experience and community [Inductive] | |||
| 2.1 Platform as relational infrastructure | Inductive | Perceptions of the marketplace as an active agent that enables or constrains buyer–seller relationships through its design, policies and technical performance | “WHATNOT CUSTOMER SERVICE |
| 2.1.1 Positive platform experience | Inductive | Reviews affirming smooth functionality, user-friendly interface and overall satisfaction with platform operations | “Safe and convenient to use” (R1); “great |
| 2.1.2 Technical failures and performance issues | Inductive | Reports of app crashes, bid timer desynchronization, streaming glitches and update-related disruptions that impede participation | “the timer does not synch properly … making it impossible to bid” (R206) |
| 2.1.3 Customer service and dispute resolution | Inductive | Evaluations of the platform’s responsiveness to complaints, refund processing and accountability enforcement | “every time I haven’t gotten a product that I purchased 100% of the money was refunded. I trust Whatnot completely” (R862); “Terrible customer service” (R1061) |
| 2.2 Community belonging and social integration | Inductive | Expressions of affective attachment to the platform community, including shared identity, camaraderie and informal social norms | “It is like one big party!!” (R1086); “great community, especially the magic scene” (R364) |
| 2.3 Community as informal governance | Inductive | Instances where community members actively policed norms, warned peers about problematic sellers and amplified or suppressed reputations | “To many scammers on this app that’s hurting the community” (R318); warnings shared among buyers (R307–R315) |
| Theme 3: The role of trust in live shopping marketplaces [Inductive] | |||
| 3.1 Platform-level trust | Inductive | Confidence in the marketplace’s integrity, fairness and capacity to protect participants through governance, dispute resolution and seller oversight | “I trust Whatnot completely” (R862); “They do not hold sellers accountable” (R137) |
| 3.1.1 Trust in platform governance | Inductive | Positive assessments of the platform’s enforcement, protection policies and overall structural reliability | “Whatnot does work with you if something is wrong” (R1043); “whatnot has great policies to protect buyer and seller” (R352) |
| 3.1.2 Platform accountability failure | Inductive | Perceptions that the marketplace tolerates or enables seller misconduct, resulting in loss of institutional trust | “The app is riddled with scammers, and the company … ruled in favor of keeping proven scammers” (R316) |
| 3.2 Seller-level trust | Inductive | Confidence in individual seller reliability, honesty and competence, formed through live-stream observation and transaction history | “most honest seller on WhatNot and his store is all for his family” (R621) |
| 3.2.1 Performed authenticity | Inductive | Consistent, personally expressive stream conduct interpreted by viewers as evidence of genuine character and reliability | “most honest seller on WhatNot … his offers are outta this human world” (R621) |
| 3.2.2 Transparency enactment | Inductive | Real-time product inspection and full disclosure during live streams that reduce informational asymmetry beyond what static listings permit | “always a good time … great grading of the slabs” (R63) |
| 3.2.3 Narrative embedding | Inductive | Personal stories shared by sellers during streams that create biographical coherence and invite trust through perceived shared humanity | “his store is all for his family” – biographical framing (R621) |
| 3.3 Dual-object trust management | Inductive | Simultaneous, independent calibration of trust in the platform and in individual sellers, where each assessment may diverge and partially compensate for the other | “you just need to weed through the streamers to find one right and good for you” (R862) |
| Theme 4: Antecedents of relationship commitment and trust [Deductive – CTT] | |||
| 4.1 Relationship termination costs | Deductive | Anticipated losses – financial, social and collection-related – associated with leaving the platform or a specific seller relationship | “I love this app, since I have found this app I haven’t shopped anywhere else” (R493) |
| 4.1.1 Collection integrity as switching barrier | Deductive | The perceived cost of losing access to trusted curation and completing collections as a driver of platform retention | “I have completed quite a few collections and met a ton of really cool people” (R274) |
| 4.1.2 Community status and recognition loss | Deductive | Loss of social standing, chat recognition and peer relationships that would result from exiting the platform | Regular buyers citing community friendships as reasons for staying despite negative experiences (R223; R274) |
| 4.2 Relationship benefits | Deductive | Perceived net advantages of the buyer–seller relationship, including transactional gains, preferential treatment and relational capital | “been great and made lots great friends on here and get deals” (R223) |
| 4.2.1 Transactional benefits | Deductive | Concrete economic advantages such as competitive pricing, exclusive deals and fast shipping relative to alternatives | “great items put on and all have very fast shipping” (R180); “great deals every day” (R227) |
| 4.2.2 Interactional and relational benefits | Deductive | Non-monetary benefits from ongoing interaction, including friendship, community belonging and personalized seller engagement | “Participating in live auctions and bidding in real time is genuinely engaging” (R34) |
| 4.2.3 Preferential treatment and reciprocity | Deductive | Buyers receiving better deals, early access or personalized shout-outs perceived as earned through demonstrated loyalty | “been great and made lots great friends on here and get deals” (R223) — ongoing engagement yielding both social and transactional reciprocal benefits |
| 4.3 Shared values | Deductive | Perceived alignment between buyer and seller in beliefs, conduct, ethical standards and goals, as observable through live stream behavior | “They take care of customers and have pride in their work. Quality people in my eyes” (R497) |
| 4.3.1 Value alignment cues | Deductive | Signals used by buyers to infer value congruence, including grading transparency, chat moderation conduct and charitable initiatives | “lots of interaction, and great cards and variety … great grading of the slabs” (R63) |
| 4.3.2 Value violation and betrayal | Deductive | Perceived deception where initial alignment had elevated expectations, resulting in heightened trust damage | “Some of the vendors don’t disclose everything on the products sold” (R945) |
| 4.4 Communication | Deductive | Timely and meaningful information exchange between buyers and sellers enabled by live-streaming’s synchronous, two-way format | “I love watching the auctions and choppin it up with fellow Funko Pop Finatics” (R390) |
| 4.4.1 Interactional immediacy (live advantage) | Deductive | The perception of unmediated access to sellers in real time that generates relational closeness rapidly and signals trustworthiness | “get place to buy and watch streams. make friends and chat” (R674) |
| 4.4.2 Communication failure and rude conduct | Deductive | Instances of delayed, dismissive or absent responses by sellers or the platform that signal unreliability and erode trust | “I won’t buy from rude sellers”; “the seller … has no communication skills” (R1043; R135) |
| 4.5 Opportunistic behavior | Deductive | Self-serving actions by sellers or the platform that exploit participants, often through deception or inadequate disclosure | “App is riddled with scammers … Avoid at all costs” (R316) |
| 4.5.1 Non-disclosure of defects and misrepresentation | Deductive | Seller failure to reveal product flaws, resealed packaging or inauthentic items during live streams | “the pops are damaged and you can’t tell until you receive them … not disclosed by sellers” (R843) |
| 4.5.2 Mystery box and gambling-like mechanics | Deductive | Platform-sanctioned chance-based selling formats that exploit | “mystery box streams that are very blatantly just unregulated gambling” (R876) |
| 4.5.3 Platform complicity in seller misconduct | Deductive | Buyer perceptions that the marketplace protects or retains dishonest sellers, attributing systemic opportunism to the platform | “the company … repeatedly ruled in favor of keeping proven scammers” (R316) |
| Theme 5: Outcomes of relationship commitment and trust [Deductive – CTT] | |||
| 5.1 Acquiescence | Deductive | Willingness to comply with or defer to seller recommendations, platform policies or curated bundles, based on trust and commitment | “my favorite seller Head_over_deals has the best created merchandise on the planet” (R243) |
| 5.1.1 Expert deference | Deductive | Buyers actively accepting seller judgements on product quality, grading or authenticity in expertise-intensive categories | Buyers following trusted sellers’ grading calls and pricing in collectibles streams (R63; R243) |
| 5.1.2 Habitual purchasing | Deductive | Repeated buying from the same seller without deliberate evaluation, reflecting relationship-based loyalty over systematic comparison | “I pretty much buy everything I need here” (R1100); “since I found this app I haven’t shopped anywhere else” (R493) |
| 5.2 Propensity to leave | Deductive | Perceived likelihood of terminating the buyer–seller relationship or leaving the platform, expressed as intent, threat or accomplished exit | “I will not be using this app moving forward” (R135) |
| 5.2.1 Gradual disengagement | Deductive | Slow reduction in engagement frequency or spending, often following repeated minor disappointments | “Had to stop buying from Whatnot. More times than not the pops are damaged” (R843) |
| 5.2.2 Dramatic or public exit | Deductive | Abrupt, often publicly announced platform departure following a critical trust-eroding incident | “I had to delete the app”; public announcements of unfollowing in chat (R427) |
| 5.2.3 Conditional or temporary exit | Deductive | Users who leave the platform but return when conditions improve, maintaining partial commitment that enables re-entry | Reviewer reports mounting stream bugs, continues conditionally, then self-edits: “whatnot has been working great, all issues I had before are all fixed” (R651) |
| 5.3 Cooperation | Deductive | Collaborative behaviors by buyers and sellers directed at mutual goal achievement, including peer-to-peer assistance within the community | “people are helpful also if there are problems” (R1091) |
| 5.3.1 Buyer–seller cooperative behavior | Deductive | Instances of coordinated action between buyers and sellers to resolve issues, negotiate terms or provide mutual support | “people are helpful also if there are problems. Whatnot will help. Their response time is awesome” (R1091) |
| 5.3.2 Peer-to-peer community assistance | Deductive | Buyers help other buyers by greeting newcomers, advising on bidding etiquette or sharing information about sellers | “Friendly, fun community of seller’s, shoppers and knowledgeable people who are willing … to help. It is like one big party!!” (R1086) |
| 5.4 Functional conflict | Deductive | Disagreements between buyers and sellers (or with the platform) that, when managed constructively, reinforce relationship commitment through demonstrated fairness | “why are the sellers allow to block a buyer when we give honest comments” (R1048) |
| 5.4.1 Constructive conflict resolution | Deductive | Disputes resolved visibly and fairly, strengthening commitment among parties who witness or experience equitable remediation | “Thankfully whatnot does work with you if something is wrong” (R1043) |
| 5.4.2 Destructive conflict and relationship exit | Deductive | Unresolved or mishandled disputes that deepen dissatisfaction and accelerate disengagement or platform departure | Sellers blocking buyers who leave critical feedback; users abandoning the app after unresolved refund disputes (R1048; R135) |
| 5.5 Uncertainty | Deductive | Lack of information or predictability that constrains confident decision-making; trust functions as the primary mechanism for reducing uncertainty in rapid live-auction contexts | “Chats are fun and you really get to review your item before bidding on it” (R1100) |
| 5.5.1 Trust as uncertainty reduction | Deductive | High trust enabling confident, higher-value bidding by removing the need for repeated due diligence on seller reliability | “Freaky Fast Shipping and Extremely Professional. Highly Recommend” (R176) |
| 5.5.2 Heightened uncertainty and suppressed engagement | Deductive | Low trust leading to hedging strategies (trial purchases, smaller bids) or complete withdrawal from the platform | “installed as I just got into Pokemon … too many reviews about scammers … no thanks” (R708) |
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