Table 5 Direct and indirect effects of...

Table 5

Direct and indirect effects of tested variables

Relations	Independent variable		Dependent variable	Estimate	SE	C.R./p-value
H1a (−)	ICT demands	→	Well-being	0.022	0.050	0.446
	Gender	→	Well-being	0.154	0.080	1.922
	Seniority	→	Well-being	0.088	0.034	2.607^**
	Number of employees in team	→	Well-being	0.130	0.047	2.773^**
H1b (−)	ICT demands	→	Job performance	−0.009	0.019	−0.471
	Gender	→	Job performance	0.108	0.030	3.632^***
	Seniority	→	Job performance	0.019	0.012	1.484
	Number of employees in team	→	Job performance	0.026	0.017	1.527
H1c(+)	ICT demands	→	Presenteeism	0.459	0.130	3.526^***
	Gender	→	Presenteeism	0.631	0.206	3.063^**
	Seniority	→	Presenteeism	0.290	0.087	3.344^***
	Number of employees in team	→	Presenteeism	−0.033	0.121	−0.273
H2(+)	ICT demands	→	Digital well-being	−0.080	0.040	−2.000^*
	Education	→	Digital well-being	0.162	0.057	2.856^**
	Age	→	Digital well-being	0.045	0.028	1.626
H2a (+)	Digital well-being	→	Well-being	0.229	0.066	3.473^***
Standardised effects from ICT demands to well-being via digital well-being
	Total effect			0.004
	Indirect effect of digital well-being			−0.019
H2b (+)	Digital well-being	→	Job performance	0.122	0.024	4.986^***
Standardised effects from ICT demands to job performance via digital well-being
	Total effect			−0.050
	Indirect effect of digital well-being			−0.027
H2c (+)	Digital well-being	→	Presenteeism	−0.542	0.170	−3.187^***
Standardised effects from ICT demands to presenteeism via digital well-being
	Total effect			0.385
	Indirect effect of digital well-being			0.033

Relations	Independent variable		Dependent variable	Estimate	SE	C.R./p-value
H1a (−)	ICT demands	→	Well-being	0.022	0.050	0.446
	Gender	→	Well-being	0.154	0.080	1.922
	Seniority	→	Well-being	0.088	0.034	2.607^**
	Number of employees in team	→	Well-being	0.130	0.047	2.773^**
H1b (−)	ICT demands	→	Job performance	−0.009	0.019	−0.471
	Gender	→	Job performance	0.108	0.030	3.632^***
	Seniority	→	Job performance	0.019	0.012	1.484
	Number of employees in team	→	Job performance	0.026	0.017	1.527
H1c(+)	ICT demands	→	Presenteeism	0.459	0.130	3.526^***
	Gender	→	Presenteeism	0.631	0.206	3.063^**
	Seniority	→	Presenteeism	0.290	0.087	3.344^***
	Number of employees in team	→	Presenteeism	−0.033	0.121	−0.273
H2(+)	ICT demands	→	Digital well-being	−0.080	0.040	−2.000^*
	Education	→	Digital well-being	0.162	0.057	2.856^**
	Age	→	Digital well-being	0.045	0.028	1.626
H2a (+)	Digital well-being	→	Well-being	0.229	0.066	3.473^***
Standardised effects from ICT demands to well-being via digital well-being
	Total effect			0.004
	Indirect effect of digital well-being			−0.019
H2b (+)	Digital well-being	→	Job performance	0.122	0.024	4.986^***
Standardised effects from ICT demands to job performance via digital well-being
	Total effect			−0.050
	Indirect effect of digital well-being			−0.027
H2c (+)	Digital well-being	→	Presenteeism	−0.542	0.170	−3.187^***
Standardised effects from ICT demands to presenteeism via digital well-being
	Total effect			0.385
	Indirect effect of digital well-being			0.033

Note(s): In parentheses: (+) supported hypothesis; (−) unsupported hypothesis; C.R. – Critical ratio

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

Source(s): Authors’ own work

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