Table 5 Pre- and post-training scores...

Table 5

Pre- and post-training scores for knowledge and practice statements

Questionnaire statement (and number of respondents)	Pre-training		Post-training		Change^a (n)
	M (SD)	Mdn	M (SD)	Mdn	Positive	Negative	No change	Z	p	Effect size (r)
I can identify some signs of neurodevelopmental conditions (e.g. autism, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia) when I observe them (n = 89)	2.94 (0.51)	3.00	3.37 (0.63)	3.00	42	5	42	5.06	<0.001	0.54
I can de-escalate a situation in which a suspect with a neurodevelopmental condition is harming themselves (n = 89)	2.94 (0.49)	3.00	3.20 (0.46)	3.00	24	2	63	4.27	<0.001	0.45
I can explain at least three general characteristics of autism or another neurodevelopmental condition to police colleague if asked (n = 86)	2.47 (0.75)	3.00	3.47 (0.55)	3.00	66	1	19	7.30	<0.001	0.79
I can distinguish neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism from other disabilities (n = 85)	2.34 (0.72)	2.00	3.13 (0.57)	3.00	57	4	24	6.48	<0.001	0.70
I can tell the difference between a suspect who has a neurodevelopmental condition such as autism and someone who is demonstrating drug-induced behaviour (n = 87)	2.49 (0.73)	3.00	3.16 (0.63)	3.00	50	3	34	6.15	<0.001	0.66
I can adapt the way I communicate to explain something to a suspect with a neurodevelopmental condition (n = 86)	3.11 (0.61)	3.00	3.42 (0.54)	3.00	30	6	50	4.02	<0.001	0.43
I can establish rapport with a suspect with a neurodevelopmental condition (n = 78)	3.09 (0.59)	3.00	3.40 (0.57)	3.00	29	6	43	3.89	<0.001	0.44
I can gather identifying information from a suspect with a neurodevelopmental condition who has limited verbal speech (n = 85)	2.61 (0.71)	3.00	3.07 (0.51)	3.00	39	6	40	4.89	<0.001	0.53
I can modify the environment/processes to help a suspect with a neurodevelopmental condition feel calm (n = 87)	2.66 (0.63)	3.00	3.25 (0.63)	3.00	46	4	37	5.74	<0.001	0.62
I know what reasonable adjustments I could make to support a suspect with a neurodevelopmental condition in custody (n = 85)	2.74 (0.60)	3.00	3.40 (0.56)	3.00	51	3	31	6.30	<0.001	0.68

Questionnaire statement (and number of respondents)	Pre-training		Post-training		Change^a (n)
	M (SD)	Mdn	M (SD)	Mdn	Positive	Negative	No change	Z	p	Effect size (r)
I can identify some signs of neurodevelopmental conditions (e.g. autism, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia) when I observe them (n = 89)	2.94 (0.51)	3.00	3.37 (0.63)	3.00	42	5	42	5.06	<0.001	0.54
I can de-escalate a situation in which a suspect with a neurodevelopmental condition is harming themselves (n = 89)	2.94 (0.49)	3.00	3.20 (0.46)	3.00	24	2	63	4.27	<0.001	0.45
I can explain at least three general characteristics of autism or another neurodevelopmental condition to police colleague if asked (n = 86)	2.47 (0.75)	3.00	3.47 (0.55)	3.00	66	1	19	7.30	<0.001	0.79
I can distinguish neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism from other disabilities (n = 85)	2.34 (0.72)	2.00	3.13 (0.57)	3.00	57	4	24	6.48	<0.001	0.70
I can tell the difference between a suspect who has a neurodevelopmental condition such as autism and someone who is demonstrating drug-induced behaviour (n = 87)	2.49 (0.73)	3.00	3.16 (0.63)	3.00	50	3	34	6.15	<0.001	0.66
I can adapt the way I communicate to explain something to a suspect with a neurodevelopmental condition (n = 86)	3.11 (0.61)	3.00	3.42 (0.54)	3.00	30	6	50	4.02	<0.001	0.43
I can establish rapport with a suspect with a neurodevelopmental condition (n = 78)	3.09 (0.59)	3.00	3.40 (0.57)	3.00	29	6	43	3.89	<0.001	0.44
I can gather identifying information from a suspect with a neurodevelopmental condition who has limited verbal speech (n = 85)	2.61 (0.71)	3.00	3.07 (0.51)	3.00	39	6	40	4.89	<0.001	0.53
I can modify the environment/processes to help a suspect with a neurodevelopmental condition feel calm (n = 87)	2.66 (0.63)	3.00	3.25 (0.63)	3.00	46	4	37	5.74	<0.001	0.62
I know what reasonable adjustments I could make to support a suspect with a neurodevelopmental condition in custody (n = 85)	2.74 (0.60)	3.00	3.40 (0.56)	3.00	51	3	31	6.30	<0.001	0.68

Note(s): M = Mean; SD = Standard Deviation; Mdn = Median; Z = Standardised Test Statistic; M and Mdn scores range between 1–4: 1 (Strongly disagree), 2 (Somewhat disagree), 3 (Somewhat agree), 4 (Strongly agree)

Change in participants' scores between pre and post-training: Positive (score increased), Negative (score decreased), No change (score remained the same)

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