Table 1 Literature findings on workforce... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Literature findings on workforce sustainability

Papers	Focus area/Location	Theoretical framework attribute	Demographics	Methodology and sample size	Findings and limitations
Maurer et al. (2021)	Retention of women in civil engineering/US	Nurture, Diversity, Equity, Maturity	Age, Gender, Marital Status	Quantitative logistic regression analysis on 12 case studies	The public sector was identified as having lower turnover, although female supervisors showed higher attrition rates. The study is not construction-specific, which may limit direct applicability to the construction sector
Yang et al. (2018)	Aging workforce safety concerns/US	Health and Wellbeing, Maturity, Value	Age	Narrative literature review	The proposed three interventions (ergonomics, wellness, safety climate) are promising, though their effectiveness is theorized rather than empirically tested
Sokas et al. (2019)	Worker protection disparities among temp workers/US	Health and Wellbeing, Equity, Maturity	Gender, Age	Mixed-methods approach (interviews and surveys) involving 285 participants	Demonstrated policy-relevant disparities in health and safety outcomes. While the sample was localized and nonrandom, the findings remain valuable for addressing equity gaps
Jiaying and Muda (2023)	Career Development, Goal Alignment, Retention/Malaysia	Maturity	Experience	Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 10 participants	Strategies were effective for experienced professionals in large firms. However, the small sample and national context (Malaysia) limit broader generalizability
Gbiengu et al. (2024)	Health and safety of Latino construction workers/US	Health and Wellbeing, Community, Connectivity	Ethnicity	Quantitative survey of 95 participants	Reported positive effects of targeted strategies on job satisfaction. Regional scope and lack of longitudinal follow-up were noted as limitations

Papers	Focus area/Location	Theoretical framework attribute	Demographics	Methodology and sample size	Findings and limitations
Maurer et al. (2021)	Retention of women in civil engineering/US	Nurture, Diversity, Equity, Maturity	Age, Gender, Marital Status	Quantitative logistic regression analysis on 12 case studies	The public sector was identified as having lower turnover, although female supervisors showed higher attrition rates. The study is not construction-specific, which may limit direct applicability to the construction sector
Yang et al. (2018)	Aging workforce safety concerns/US	Health and Wellbeing, Maturity, Value	Age	Narrative literature review	The proposed three interventions (ergonomics, wellness, safety climate) are promising, though their effectiveness is theorized rather than empirically tested
Sokas et al. (2019)	Worker protection disparities among temp workers/US	Health and Wellbeing, Equity, Maturity	Gender, Age	Mixed-methods approach (interviews and surveys) involving 285 participants	Demonstrated policy-relevant disparities in health and safety outcomes. While the sample was localized and nonrandom, the findings remain valuable for addressing equity gaps
Jiaying and Muda (2023)	Career Development, Goal Alignment, Retention/Malaysia	Maturity	Experience	Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 10 participants	Strategies were effective for experienced professionals in large firms. However, the small sample and national context (Malaysia) limit broader generalizability
Gbiengu et al. (2024)	Health and safety of Latino construction workers/US	Health and Wellbeing, Community, Connectivity	Ethnicity	Quantitative survey of 95 participants	Reported positive effects of targeted strategies on job satisfaction. Regional scope and lack of longitudinal follow-up were noted as limitations