Table 5

State impact factor multipliers per employee engagement level

Digital proficiency tierPotential interventionImpact factor multiplier per employee engagement: Intervention cost and intervention gainImpact factor multiplier per employee engagement level: Intervention durationReferences
Strong (sstrong)Moderate (smoderate)Weak (sweak)Strong (sstrong)Moderate (smoderate)Weak (sweak)
HighIn-house mentorship0.700.200.101.001.301.70Bandura (1997), Edmondson (2018), Ulrich et al. (2023) 
Online tutorial0.500.300.201.001.502.00Davis (1989), Johnson and Aragon (2003) 
Self-paced study0.350.400.251.001.702.50Chen, Yu, Cheng, and Hao (2019), Knowles (1984) 
MediumIn-house mentorship0.600.300.101.001.401.80Chen et al. (2019), Ulrich et al. (2023) 
Online tutorial0.450.350.201.001.602.20Davis (1989), Johnson and Aragon (2003), Sweller (2011) 
Self-paced study0.250.450.301.001.802.80Ragsdale (2021), Ryan and Deci (2000) 
LowIn-house mentorship0.500.350.151.001.502.00Bandura (1997), Edmondson (2018), Ullrich, Reißig, Niehoff, and Beier (2023) 
Online tutorial0.400.400.201.001.702.50Davis (1989), Johnson and Aragon (2003) 
Self-paced study0.200.500.301.002.003.00Knowles (1984), Ragsdale (2021), Ryan and Deci (2000) 

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