Note(s): Table 3 reports robustness checks on the effect of hierarchical culture on independent directors' social status. Column (1) uses the median degree centrality of all independent directors in the firm's director network as the dependent variable. Column (2) measures independent directors' social status as the three-year lagged average of degree centrality. Column (3) redefines hierarchical culture by treating a firm as hierarchical when independent directors are ordered by age or by political background. Column (4) sets the dependent variable to the degree centrality of each individual independent director in the director network. ***, **, and * indicate significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% levels and standard errors are reported in parentheses