Analytical mapping of R-imperative framework to LCs
| R-imperative | R-strategies | Operational requirements and LC interfaces | Key references |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smarter use | Refuse (R0) | Upstream waste prevention relying on supply-management and demand-management interfaces to optimise forward flows and reduce overproduction (including unnecessary product waste), as well as support from information-management interface to optimise the connection between supply and demand | Gligor and Holcomb (2014), Jayarathna et al. (2024), Jegen et al. (2025), Mandal et al. (2017), Mentzer et al. (2004), Mostafayi Darmian et al. (2026), Rajaguru et al. (2022) |
| Rethink (R1) | |||
| Reduce (R2) | |||
| Lifespan expansion | Reuse (R3) | Reverse logistics requiring the information-management interface to verify asset condition and the coordination interface for triage and sorting, resolving information asymmetry | Carlos and de Mattos (2025), Gligor and Holcomb (2014), Jayarathna et al. (2024), Jegen et al. (2025), Mandal et al. (2017), Mentzer et al. (2004) |
| Repair (R4) | |||
| Refurbish (R5) | |||
| Remanufacture (R6) | |||
| Repurpose (R7) | |||
| Material application | Recycle (R8) | Scalable recovery of material value requiring the coordination interface, with support from the information-management interface, to manage high-volume return flow and material purity | de Lima et al. (2022), Gligor and Holcomb (2014), Jayarathna et al. (2024), Mandal et al. (2017), Mentzer et al. (2004), Mostafayi Darmian et al. (2026) |
| Recover (R9) |
| R-imperative | R-strategies | Operational requirements and LC interfaces | Key references |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smarter use | Refuse (R0) | Upstream waste prevention relying on supply-management and demand-management interfaces to optimise forward flows and reduce overproduction (including unnecessary product waste), as well as support from information-management interface to optimise the connection between supply and demand | |
| Rethink (R1) | |||
| Reduce (R2) | |||
| Lifespan expansion | Reuse (R3) | Reverse logistics requiring the information-management interface to verify asset condition and the coordination interface for triage and sorting, resolving information asymmetry | |
| Repair (R4) | |||
| Refurbish (R5) | |||
| Remanufacture (R6) | |||
| Repurpose (R7) | |||
| Material application | Recycle (R8) | Scalable recovery of material value requiring the coordination interface, with support from the information-management interface, to manage high-volume return flow and material purity | |
| Recover (R9) |
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