Table 1.

Key approaches to use of theory by practitioners

Author/sFramework/approachStrengthsLimitations
Van de Ven and Johnson (2006) Engaged scholarship- coproduction of knowledge between practitioners and academicsCompartmentalisation ensures high quality application of theory by academicsDoes not teach practitioners how to use theory
Van Ryn and Heaney (1992) A guide on how to apply theory during a campaignOutlines what should be considered at each stageHigh level guidance that is non-specific about theories
Manikam and Russell-Bennett (2016) The social marketing theory-based frameworkProvides a step-by-step guide on how to find and choose a theoryAssumes a base level of theoretical knowledge. Presents a process for using theory, but does not address motivational drivers
Rundle-Thiele and colleagues (2019) A set of theory application goalsProvides a useful review of theoriesUses highly academic language that also assumes a base level of theoretical knowledge. Does not address motivational drivers
Rundle-Thiele and colleagues (2021) CBE framework- Co-create, build, engageProvides value considerations and guidance for each stage of the processMarketing principle focused moreso than theory focused with limited guidance on how and when theory should be applied
Van Hierden et al. (2022) BUILD- process for using theoryProvides clear step-by-step guidance on using theoryAssumes a base level of theory knowledge and how to conduct a literature review. Presents a process for using theory, but does not address motivational drivers
Source(s): Author

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