Full adapted questionnaire items
| No | Variables | English scale |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Perceived animacy (Bartneck et al., 2009) | 1. The AI chatbot appears to be lifelike and responsive during interactions |
| 2. The AI chatbot exhibits intentional behaviors similar to a living entity | ||
| 3. The AI chatbot creates a sense of social presence during conversations | ||
| 4. The AI chatbot’s responses feel dynamic and engaging | ||
| 5. The AI chatbot seems to understand my needs like a human would | ||
| 6. The AI chatbot’s interactions feel natural and socially engaging | ||
| 2 | Perceived intelligence (Bartneck et al., 2009) | 1. The AI chatbot demonstrates intelligent and adaptive responses |
| 2. The AI chatbot provides accurate and sensible answers to my questions | ||
| 3. The AI chatbot processes information quickly and efficiently | ||
| 4. The AI chatbot learns from my interactions to improve its responses | ||
| 5. The AI chatbot’s responses reflect a high level of knowledge and competence | ||
| 3 | Perceived anthropomorphism (Bartneck et al., 2009) | 1. The AI chatbot feels like it has human-like emotions |
| 2. The AI chatbot’s responses resemble those of a human conversational partner | ||
| 3. The AI chatbot exhibits human-like social behaviors | ||
| 4. Interacting with the AI chatbot feels like talking to a person | ||
| 5. The AI chatbot’s communication style feels warm and human-like | ||
| 4 | Perceived algorithm interpretability (Köhler et al., 2011) | 1. I understand how the AI chatbot generates its recommendations |
| 2. The AI chatbot explains its decision-making process in a clear way | ||
| 3. The AI chatbot’s recommendations are easy to comprehend | ||
| 5 | Perceived unbiasedness (Benbasat and Wang, 2005) | 1. The AI chatbot’s recommendations are free from commercial bias |
| 2. The AI chatbot provides objective information that benefits me | ||
| 3. I trust that the AI chatbot’s suggestions are fair and impartial | ||
| 6 | Perceived AI expertise (Manser Payne and O’Brien, 2024) | 1. The AI chatbot demonstrates expertise in answering my queries |
| 2. The AI chatbot provides knowledgeable and reliable information | ||
| 3. The AI chatbot’s responses reflect advanced problem-solving capabilities | ||
| 4. I consider the AI chatbot to be a competent source of information | ||
| 7 | AI word-of-mouth (AI WOM) (Le et al., 2024) | 1. I share my positive experiences with the AI chatbot on social media |
| 2. I recommend the AI chatbot to others based on my interactions | ||
| 3. I discuss the AI chatbot’s recommendations with my online community | ||
| 4. The AI chatbot’s suggestions encourage me to share content online | ||
| 8 | Consumer social media engagement – learning (Brodie et al., 2013) | 1. I learn about products or services through the AI chatbot’s recommendations |
| 2. The AI chatbot helps me gain knowledge that informs my decisions | ||
| 3. Interacting with the AI chatbot enhances my understanding of market trends | ||
| 4. The AI chatbot provides insights that improve my purchasing choices | ||
| 9 | Consumer social media engagement – Sharing (Brodie et al., 2013) | 1. I share the AI chatbot’s recommendations with others on social media |
| 2. I post content inspired by the AI chatbot’s suggestions online | ||
| 3. I exchange experiences about the AI chatbot with my online community | ||
| 10 | Consumer social media engagement – socializing (Brodie et al., 2013) | 1. The AI chatbot encourages me to engage in discussions with others online |
| 2. I interact with peers on social media based on the AI chatbot’s content | ||
| 3. The AI chatbot fosters a sense of community through my online interactions | ||
| 11 | Consumer social media engagement – codeveloping (Brodie et al., 2013) | 1. I provide feedback to improve the AI chatbot’s features or recommendations |
| 2. I contribute ideas to enhance the AI chatbot’s services | ||
| 3. I participate in cocreating content with the AI chatbot for social media | ||
| 12 | Knowledge acquisition (Al-Emran and Teo, 2019) | 1. The AI chatbot helps me acquire new knowledge relevant to my interests |
| 2. I gain valuable insights from the AI chatbot’s recommendations | ||
| 3. The AI chatbot provides information that expands my understanding | ||
| 4. Interacting with the AI chatbot enhances my ability to learn new things | ||
| 5. The AI chatbot’s suggestions help me stay informed about relevant topics | ||
| 13 | Knowledge sharing (Al-Emran and Teo, 2019) | 1. I share knowledge gained from the AI chatbot with others online |
| 2. I discuss the AI chatbot’s insights with my social media community | ||
| 3. I contribute to online discussions using information from the AI chatbot | ||
| 4. I exchange AI chatbot recommendations with peers to enhance group learning | ||
| 5. I actively share AI chatbot content to benefit others in my network | ||
| 14 | Knowledge application (Arpaci et al., 2020) | 1. I apply the knowledge gained from the AI chatbot to make informed decisions |
| 2. The AI chatbot’s recommendations help me solve problems effectively | ||
| 3. I use the AI chatbot’s insights to improve my tasks or activities | ||
| 4. The AI chatbot’s suggestions are practical and easy to implement |
| No | Variables | English scale |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Perceived animacy ( | 1. The |
| 2. The | ||
| 3. The | ||
| 4. The | ||
| 5. The | ||
| 6. The | ||
| 2 | Perceived intelligence ( | 1. The |
| 2. The | ||
| 3. The | ||
| 4. The | ||
| 5. The | ||
| 3 | Perceived anthropomorphism ( | 1. The |
| 2. The | ||
| 3. The | ||
| 4. Interacting with the | ||
| 5. The | ||
| 4 | Perceived algorithm interpretability ( | 1. I understand how the |
| 2. The | ||
| 3. The | ||
| 5 | Perceived unbiasedness ( | 1. The |
| 2. The | ||
| 3. I trust that the | ||
| 6 | Perceived | 1. The |
| 2. The | ||
| 3. The | ||
| 4. I consider the | ||
| 7 | 1. I share my positive experiences with the | |
| 2. I recommend the | ||
| 3. I discuss the | ||
| 4. The | ||
| 8 | Consumer social media engagement – learning ( | 1. I learn about products or services through the |
| 2. The | ||
| 3. Interacting with the | ||
| 4. The | ||
| 9 | Consumer social media engagement – Sharing ( | 1. I share the |
| 2. I post content inspired by the | ||
| 3. I exchange experiences about the | ||
| 10 | Consumer social media engagement – socializing ( | 1. The |
| 2. I interact with peers on social media based on the | ||
| 3. The | ||
| 11 | Consumer social media engagement – codeveloping ( | 1. I provide feedback to improve the |
| 2. I contribute ideas to enhance the | ||
| 3. I participate in cocreating content with the | ||
| 12 | Knowledge acquisition ( | 1. The |
| 2. I gain valuable insights from the | ||
| 3. The | ||
| 4. Interacting with the | ||
| 5. The | ||
| 13 | Knowledge sharing ( | 1. I share knowledge gained from the |
| 2. I discuss the | ||
| 3. I contribute to online discussions using information from the | ||
| 4. I exchange | ||
| 5. I actively share | ||
| 14 | Knowledge application ( | 1. I apply the knowledge gained from the |
| 2. The | ||
| 3. I use the | ||
| 4. The |
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