Variable source and definition
| Variable | Definition | Source |
|---|---|---|
| R_Event | Natural logarithm of total heavy rain events calculated as ln (1 + number of heavy rain events). Heavy rain is defined as rain falling in such large amounts, that significant damage is caused or no damage is known, but exceptionally high. Precipitation amounts have been observed within a period of at most 24 h. Extreme rainfall on consecutive days must be reported separately in at most 24-hour periods | ESWD |
| R_Amount | Precipitation amount float opt in millimetres | ESWD |
| R_Length | Duration of accumulation float opt in hours | ESWD |
| Damages | Dummy variable equal to 1 if there is any property, crop or forest damage caused by heavy rain events and equal to 0 otherwise | ESWD |
| Injured | Dummy variable equal to 1 if there are any people injured by heavy rain events and equal to 0 otherwise | ESWD |
| Killed | Dummy variable equal to 1 if there are any people killed by heavy rain events and equal to 0 otherwise | ESWD |
| People | Dummy variable equal to 1 if there are any people injured or killed by heavy rain events and equal to 0 otherwise | ESWD |
| Age | Natural logarithm of the age of the company, calculated as ln [1 + (year of the analysis – year of incorporation)] | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Size | Natural logarithm of total assets calculated as ln (1 + total assets). Data on total assets are collected in euros | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Sales | Natural logarithm of revenues from sales, calculated as ln (1 + sales) Data on sales are collected in euros | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Roe | Return on equity (ROE) using Net income, in percentage, calculated as (Net income/Shareholder funds) * 100 | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Emp | Natural logarithm of the total number of employees of the company, calculated as ln (1 + employees) | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Ltd | Natural logarithm of the long-term debt of the company, calculated as ln (1 + long term debt) | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| IC | Interest cover calculated as operating profit/interest paid | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| CF | Cash flow/Operating revenue, in percentage, calculated as (Cash flow/Operating revenue) * 100 | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Gear | Gearing, in percentage, calculated as (noncurrent liabilities + Loans)/Shareholders funds) * 100 | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Liq | Liquidity ratio calculated as (current assets – Stocks)/current liabilities | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Prod | Productivity, in percentage, calculated as (Cost of employees/Operating revenue) * 100 | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Gci | Green complexity index. It measures countries’ green competitiveness based on the number and PCI of green products they are competitive in | Green transition navigator |
| Bli | Brown lock-in index. It measures a country’s transition risk, based on the share of low-complexity brown products in its export basket | Green transition navigator |
| PMd | PM2.5 exposure calculated using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost due to exposure to fine air particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) | Environmental performance index |
| It is commonly used as a measure of ambient particulate matter pollution, air quality and environmental health | ||
| COe | Carbon monoxide exposure. It is measured using the population-weighted annual average concentration of the air pollutant at ground level | Environmental performance index |
| It is commonly used as a measure of air quality and environmental health | ||
| CHA | Methane emissions growth rate. It is calculated as the average annual rate of increase or decrease in raw methane emissions. It is then adjusted for economic trends to isolate change due to policy rather than economic fluctuation | Environmental performance index |
| It is commonly used as a measure of methane intensity trend and climate change mitigation | ||
| NOx | Nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide (NOx) growth rate. It is calculated as the average annual rate of increase or decrease in NOX. It is then adjusted for economic trends to isolate change due to policy rather than economic fluctuation | Environmental performance index |
| It is commonly used as a measure of pollution emissions and ecosystem vitality |
| Variable | Definition | Source |
|---|---|---|
| R_Event | Natural logarithm of total heavy rain events calculated as ln (1 + number of heavy rain events). Heavy rain is defined as rain falling in such large amounts, that significant damage is caused or no damage is known, but exceptionally high. Precipitation amounts have been observed within a period of at most 24 h. Extreme rainfall on consecutive days must be reported separately in at most 24-hour periods | |
| R_Amount | Precipitation amount float opt in millimetres | |
| R_Length | Duration of accumulation float opt in hours | |
| Damages | Dummy variable equal to 1 if there is any property, crop or forest damage caused by heavy rain events and equal to 0 otherwise | |
| Injured | Dummy variable equal to 1 if there are any people injured by heavy rain events and equal to 0 otherwise | |
| Killed | Dummy variable equal to 1 if there are any people killed by heavy rain events and equal to 0 otherwise | |
| People | Dummy variable equal to 1 if there are any people injured or killed by heavy rain events and equal to 0 otherwise | |
| Age | Natural logarithm of the age of the company, calculated as ln [1 + (year of the analysis – year of incorporation)] | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Size | Natural logarithm of total assets calculated as ln (1 + total assets). Data on total assets are collected in euros | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Sales | Natural logarithm of revenues from sales, calculated as ln (1 + sales) Data on sales are collected in euros | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Roe | Return on equity ( | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Emp | Natural logarithm of the total number of employees of the company, calculated as ln (1 + employees) | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Ltd | Natural logarithm of the long-term debt of the company, calculated as ln (1 + long term debt) | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Interest cover calculated as operating profit/interest paid | Orbis bureau van Dijk | |
| Cash flow/Operating revenue, in percentage, calculated as (Cash flow/Operating revenue) * 100 | Orbis bureau van Dijk | |
| Gear | Gearing, in percentage, calculated as (noncurrent liabilities + Loans)/Shareholders funds) * 100 | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Liq | Liquidity ratio calculated as (current assets – Stocks)/current liabilities | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Prod | Productivity, in percentage, calculated as (Cost of employees/Operating revenue) * 100 | Orbis bureau van Dijk |
| Gci | Green complexity index. It measures countries’ green competitiveness based on the number and | Green transition navigator |
| Bli | Brown lock-in index. It measures a country’s transition risk, based on the share of low-complexity brown products in its export basket | Green transition navigator |
| PMd | PM2.5 exposure calculated using the number of age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years lost due to exposure to fine air particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) | Environmental performance index |
| It is commonly used as a measure of ambient particulate matter pollution, air quality and environmental health | ||
| COe | Carbon monoxide exposure. It is measured using the population-weighted annual average concentration of the air pollutant at ground level | Environmental performance index |
| It is commonly used as a measure of air quality and environmental health | ||
| Methane emissions growth rate. It is calculated as the average annual rate of increase or decrease in raw methane emissions. It is then adjusted for economic trends to isolate change due to policy rather than economic fluctuation | Environmental performance index | |
| It is commonly used as a measure of methane intensity trend and climate change mitigation | ||
| NOx | Nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide (NOx) growth rate. It is calculated as the average annual rate of increase or decrease in | Environmental performance index |
| It is commonly used as a measure of pollution emissions and ecosystem vitality |
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