Table A1 Overview of country, research...

Table A1

Overview of country, research methodology and construction professionals studied in the reviewed articles

S.No.	Reference	Country	Research methodology	Professionals
1	Abdalla et al. (2025)	Global	Questionnaire	Chinese expatriate construction professionals
2	Agarwal et al. (2025)	India	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers and quality engineers
3	Ajayi et al. (2019)	United Kingdom	Questionnaire and semi-structured interview	Unspecified
4	Ayalp (2022)	Turkey	Questionnaire	Civil engineers
5	Bowen et al. (2013a)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
6	Bowen et al. (2013b)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
7	Bowen et al. (2014a)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
8	Bowen et al. (2014b)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
9	Bowen et al. (2014c)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
10	Bowen et al. (2018)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
11	Bowen et al. (2021)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
12	Cattell et al. (2016)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and project construction managers
13	Chan et al. (2012)	China	Focus group	Expatriate construction professionals
14	Chan et al. (2014)	Hong Kong	Questionnaire	Unspecified
15	Çivici and Ayalp (2025)	Turkey	Questionnaire	Architects
16	De Silva et al. (2017)	Sri Lanka	Questionnaire	Engineers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
17	Deep et al. (2024)	India	Questionnaire	Architect, assistant engineer, chief engineer, executive engineer, quality manager, quantity surveyor, project manager, senior management, site engineer, and sole proprietor
18	Djebarni (1996)	Algeria	Semi-structured interviews	Site managers
19	Dodanwala and Shrestha (2021)	Sri Lanka	Questionnaire	Project-level construction professionals
20	Dondanwala et al. (2022)	Sri Lanka	Questionnaire	Engineers and professionals working in the site office
21	Dondanwala et al. (2023)	Sri Lanka	Questionnaire	Engineers (project, design, civil, planning, electrical, site, material), quantity surveyors, and safety officers
22	Enshassi and Al Swaity (2015)	Palestine	Questionnaire	Architects, project managers, structural engineers, and supervisors
23	Enshassi et al. (2015)	Palestine	Questionnaire	Project coordinators, project managers, and site engineers
24	Enshassi et al. (2018)	Palestine	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, project coordinators, project managers, and supervisors
25	Firose et al. (2025)	Sri Lanka	Questionnaire	Project manager, engineer, quantity surveyor and technical officer
26	Haynes and Love (2004)	Australia	Questionnaire	Male construction project managers
27	Ibem et al. (2011)	Nigeria	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers, and quantity surveyors
28	Jin et al. (2024)	Australia	Questionnaire	Architects, construction managers, engineers, estimating managers, project managers, safety managers, and site managers
29	Kamardeen and Sunindijo (2017)	Australia	Questionnaire	Project managers, engineers, and quantity surveyors
30	Leung and Chan (2012)	China	Focus group	Expatriate construction managers and professionals
31	Leung et al. (2005)	Hong Kong	Questionnaire	Cost estimators
32	Leung et al. (2008)	Hong Kong	Questionnaire	Construction estimators
33	Leung et al. (2009)	Hong Kong	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
34	Leung et al. (2010)	Hong Kong	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers, project managers, and surveyors
35	Leung et al. (2011)	Hong Kong	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
36	Leung et al. (2015)	Global	Questionnaire	Professions in architecture, engineering, project management, and surveying
37	Liang et al. (2021)	Global	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
38	Ling and Goh (2018)	Singapore	Questionnaire	Cost engineers
39	Lingard (2003)	Australia	Questionnaire	Civil engineers
40	Lingard and Francis (2004)	Australia	Questionnaire	Construction or site managers, engineers, and project managers
41	Lingard and Francis (2005)	Australia	Questionnaire	Unspecified
42	Lingard and Francis (2006)	Australia	Questionnaire	Construction professionals and managers
43	Loosemore and Waters (2004)	Australia	Questionnaire	Unspecified
44	Mireku et al. (2025)	Ghana	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
45	Miyanda et al. (2024)	Indonesia	Questionnaire and interview	Managers and supervisors
46	Naoum et al. (2018)	United Kingdom	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
47	Nwaogu et al. (2022)	Global	Questionnaire and interview	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, and quantity surveyors
48	Nwaogu et al. (2023)	Nigeria	Questionnaire and expert panel discussion	Construction supervisors and project managers
49	Oyewobi et al. (2019)	Nigeria	Questionnaire	Unspecified
50	Perera et al. (2022)	Global	Questionnaire and semi-structured interview	Quantity surveyors working at construction sites
51	Poon et al. (2013)	Hong Kong	Semi-structured interview	Construction managers and safety managers
52	Sang et al. (2007)	United Kingdom	Questionnaire	Architects
53	Sarhan et al. (2025)	United Kingdom	Interview and focus group	Building services manager, construction manager, design coordinator, environmental manager, quantity surveyor, mechanical engineer, and project manager
54	Senaratne and Rasagopalasingam (2017)	Sri Lanka	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
55	Sun et al. (2020)	China	Questionnaire and semi-structured interview	Designers, engineers, and project managers
56	Sun et al. (2023)	Australia	Questionnaire	Contract administrator, health and safety manager, quantity surveyor, project manager, site engineer, and site supervisor
57	Sun et al. (2024)	Australia	Questionnaire	Engineers, site managers, and supervisors
58	Sunindijo and Kamardeen (2017)	Australia	Questionnaire	Engineers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
59	Sutherland and Davidson (1989)	United Kingdom	Questionnaire	Construction site managers
60	Tijani et al. (2023)	Australia	Questionnaire	Project management practitioners
61	Tijani et al. (2024)	Australia	Questionnaire	Project managers and engineers
62	Tijani et al. (2025)	Australia	Questionnaire	Project management practitioners
63	van Heerden et al. (2024)	New Zealand	Questionnaire	Unspecified
64	Wu et al. (2018)	China	Questionnaire	Construction managers and professionals
65	Wu et al. (2019)	China	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
66	Wu et al. (2024)	China	Questionnaire	Engineers and project managers
67	Yadollahi et al. (2014)	Malaysia	Questionnaire	Architects as project managers
68	Yang et al. (2017)	China	Questionnaire and interview	Construction project managers
69	Yang et al. (2018)	China	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
70	Yang et al. (2025)	China	Experiment	Young construction project management practitioners
71	Yokouchi et al. (2024)	Japan	Questionnaire	Engineers
72	Zhang et al. (2020)	China	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
73	Zhang et al. (2023)	China	Questionnaire and interview	Design professionals
74	Zhang et al. (2025)	China	Questionnaire	Unspecified
75	Zheng et al. (2021)	China	Questionnaire	Construction project managers

S.No.	Reference	Country	Research methodology	Professionals
1	Abdalla et al. (2025)	Global	Questionnaire	Chinese expatriate construction professionals
2	Agarwal et al. (2025)	India	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers and quality engineers
3	Ajayi et al. (2019)	United Kingdom	Questionnaire and semi-structured interview	Unspecified
4	Ayalp (2022)	Turkey	Questionnaire	Civil engineers
5	Bowen et al. (2013a)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
6	Bowen et al. (2013b)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
7	Bowen et al. (2014a)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
8	Bowen et al. (2014b)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
9	Bowen et al. (2014c)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
10	Bowen et al. (2018)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
11	Bowen et al. (2021)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
12	Cattell et al. (2016)	South Africa	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and project construction managers
13	Chan et al. (2012)	China	Focus group	Expatriate construction professionals
14	Chan et al. (2014)	Hong Kong	Questionnaire	Unspecified
15	Çivici and Ayalp (2025)	Turkey	Questionnaire	Architects
16	De Silva et al. (2017)	Sri Lanka	Questionnaire	Engineers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
17	Deep et al. (2024)	India	Questionnaire	Architect, assistant engineer, chief engineer, executive engineer, quality manager, quantity surveyor, project manager, senior management, site engineer, and sole proprietor
18	Djebarni (1996)	Algeria	Semi-structured interviews	Site managers
19	Dodanwala and Shrestha (2021)	Sri Lanka	Questionnaire	Project-level construction professionals
20	Dondanwala et al. (2022)	Sri Lanka	Questionnaire	Engineers and professionals working in the site office
21	Dondanwala et al. (2023)	Sri Lanka	Questionnaire	Engineers (project, design, civil, planning, electrical, site, material), quantity surveyors, and safety officers
22	Enshassi and Al Swaity (2015)	Palestine	Questionnaire	Architects, project managers, structural engineers, and supervisors
23	Enshassi et al. (2015)	Palestine	Questionnaire	Project coordinators, project managers, and site engineers
24	Enshassi et al. (2018)	Palestine	Questionnaire	Architects, civil engineers, project coordinators, project managers, and supervisors
25	Firose et al. (2025)	Sri Lanka	Questionnaire	Project manager, engineer, quantity surveyor and technical officer
26	Haynes and Love (2004)	Australia	Questionnaire	Male construction project managers
27	Ibem et al. (2011)	Nigeria	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers, and quantity surveyors
28	Jin et al. (2024)	Australia	Questionnaire	Architects, construction managers, engineers, estimating managers, project managers, safety managers, and site managers
29	Kamardeen and Sunindijo (2017)	Australia	Questionnaire	Project managers, engineers, and quantity surveyors
30	Leung and Chan (2012)	China	Focus group	Expatriate construction managers and professionals
31	Leung et al. (2005)	Hong Kong	Questionnaire	Cost estimators
32	Leung et al. (2008)	Hong Kong	Questionnaire	Construction estimators
33	Leung et al. (2009)	Hong Kong	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
34	Leung et al. (2010)	Hong Kong	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers, project managers, and surveyors
35	Leung et al. (2011)	Hong Kong	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
36	Leung et al. (2015)	Global	Questionnaire	Professions in architecture, engineering, project management, and surveying
37	Liang et al. (2021)	Global	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
38	Ling and Goh (2018)	Singapore	Questionnaire	Cost engineers
39	Lingard (2003)	Australia	Questionnaire	Civil engineers
40	Lingard and Francis (2004)	Australia	Questionnaire	Construction or site managers, engineers, and project managers
41	Lingard and Francis (2005)	Australia	Questionnaire	Unspecified
42	Lingard and Francis (2006)	Australia	Questionnaire	Construction professionals and managers
43	Loosemore and Waters (2004)	Australia	Questionnaire	Unspecified
44	Mireku et al. (2025)	Ghana	Questionnaire	Architects, engineers, construction managers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
45	Miyanda et al. (2024)	Indonesia	Questionnaire and interview	Managers and supervisors
46	Naoum et al. (2018)	United Kingdom	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
47	Nwaogu et al. (2022)	Global	Questionnaire and interview	Architects, civil engineers, construction managers, and quantity surveyors
48	Nwaogu et al. (2023)	Nigeria	Questionnaire and expert panel discussion	Construction supervisors and project managers
49	Oyewobi et al. (2019)	Nigeria	Questionnaire	Unspecified
50	Perera et al. (2022)	Global	Questionnaire and semi-structured interview	Quantity surveyors working at construction sites
51	Poon et al. (2013)	Hong Kong	Semi-structured interview	Construction managers and safety managers
52	Sang et al. (2007)	United Kingdom	Questionnaire	Architects
53	Sarhan et al. (2025)	United Kingdom	Interview and focus group	Building services manager, construction manager, design coordinator, environmental manager, quantity surveyor, mechanical engineer, and project manager
54	Senaratne and Rasagopalasingam (2017)	Sri Lanka	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
55	Sun et al. (2020)	China	Questionnaire and semi-structured interview	Designers, engineers, and project managers
56	Sun et al. (2023)	Australia	Questionnaire	Contract administrator, health and safety manager, quantity surveyor, project manager, site engineer, and site supervisor
57	Sun et al. (2024)	Australia	Questionnaire	Engineers, site managers, and supervisors
58	Sunindijo and Kamardeen (2017)	Australia	Questionnaire	Engineers, quantity surveyors, and project managers
59	Sutherland and Davidson (1989)	United Kingdom	Questionnaire	Construction site managers
60	Tijani et al. (2023)	Australia	Questionnaire	Project management practitioners
61	Tijani et al. (2024)	Australia	Questionnaire	Project managers and engineers
62	Tijani et al. (2025)	Australia	Questionnaire	Project management practitioners
63	van Heerden et al. (2024)	New Zealand	Questionnaire	Unspecified
64	Wu et al. (2018)	China	Questionnaire	Construction managers and professionals
65	Wu et al. (2019)	China	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
66	Wu et al. (2024)	China	Questionnaire	Engineers and project managers
67	Yadollahi et al. (2014)	Malaysia	Questionnaire	Architects as project managers
68	Yang et al. (2017)	China	Questionnaire and interview	Construction project managers
69	Yang et al. (2018)	China	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
70	Yang et al. (2025)	China	Experiment	Young construction project management practitioners
71	Yokouchi et al. (2024)	Japan	Questionnaire	Engineers
72	Zhang et al. (2020)	China	Questionnaire	Construction project managers
73	Zhang et al. (2023)	China	Questionnaire and interview	Design professionals
74	Zhang et al. (2025)	China	Questionnaire	Unspecified
75	Zheng et al. (2021)	China	Questionnaire	Construction project managers

Source(s): Authors' own work

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