Table 4

Learning facilitators of AI literacy

ComponentMain component/PercentageSubcomponentsFrequency of subcomponentsInitial explanation
learning facilitators of AI literacySTEM Education System (%8)National Olympiads and competitions5Iran's education system promotes AI literacy through national Olympiads and competitions in programming and robotics, fostering innovation among youth. Additionally, curriculum design emphasizes foundational skills in math, computer science and logic; ensuring students develop the analytical rigor needed for advanced AI learning
Curriculum design (math, computer science, logic)3
 Internet Access & Infrastructure
Broadband availability (%15)
Mobile data affordability6To accelerate digital literacy, Iran must address mobile data affordability for equitable access. Simultaneously, improving internet access and tech resources in schools ensures infrastructure readiness, while boosting digital device penetration through subsidized student tablets/laptops creates a foundation for AI education nationwide
Improving internet access and tech resources in schools4
Digital device penetration5
 School AI Initiatives
Government AI curriculum (%12)
Game-based learning methods5Iranian schools are adopting interactive game-based platforms to demystify AI fundamentals, while teacher training initiatives focus on pedagogical upskilling for tech integration; After-school programs like student-led tech circles further nurture hands-on experimentation with machine learning tools in collaborative environments
Upskilling educators to teach AI concepts effectively3
AI clubs and extracurriculars4
 Higher Education & Universities (%11)Student-led AI projects3Universities across Iran are expanding AI-focused degree programs, supported by cutting-edge research centers and labs; These institutions also encourage student-led AI projects, offering hands-on experience that bridges academic theory with real-world innovation in fields like healthcare, robotics and natural language processing
Research centers and labs5
AI-focused degree programs3
 Self-Learning Culture (%8)Telegram/Instagram learning channels5Many Iranian students are turning to informal digital spaces to deepen their understanding of AI. Through interactive discussions and shared resources on popular platforms, they build collaborative learning communities that foster curiosity; technical skill and a sense of belonging beyond traditional classrooms
Peer-to-peer learning groups3
 Job Market & Career Pathways (%12)AI-related job availability5As AI reshapes the workforce, universities are partnering with industry to prepare students for emerging roles; Through mentorship, real-world projects and exposure to evolving career pathways, learners gain practical insights that bridge academic knowledge with the demands of a tech-driven economy
Internship opportunities2
Industry-academia partnerships3
Career counseling in AI2
 Student Motivation & Identity (%13)Tech as a tool for social change4Driven by a sense of purpose and global ambition, many young learners are embracing emerging technologies to address societal challenges; Through innovation, collaboration and a forward-looking mindset, they're shaping new narratives around opportunity, equity and the transformative role of intelligent systems in their communities
Awareness of AI job opportunities2
Desire for global competitiveness3
Youth-led AI advocacy4
 Cognitive & Cultural Strengths (%12)High adaptability3In a rapidly evolving digital world, many young learners demonstrate remarkable flexibility and drive; With strong encouragement from home and an innate thirst for discovery, they actively seek knowledge motivated not only by personal growth but also by a desire to excel on a global stage
Encouragement from families to pursue tech education4
Curiosity-driven learning3
Desire to match or exceed international peers2
 Private Sector & Startups (%9)Opportunities in AI-driven companies2With the tech landscape rapidly evolving, young professionals are increasingly drawn to organizations that invest in their growth. Through targeted training programs and future-focused roles, companies are cultivating a new generation of talent equipped to lead in an AI-powered economy
Career incentives for AI-skilled youth5
AI upskilling by tech firms2
Total100 
Source(s): Authors’ own work

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