Table 3. Effects of climate change...

Table 3.

Effects of climate change mitigation and adaptation practices on channel variables

Variables	POU		GDPppp		FSV
Variables	FE (1)	RE (2)	FE (3)	RE (4)	FE (5)	RE (6)
lIRRIG	−0.124*** (0.044)	−0.074** (0.034)	0.044* (0.023)	0.037* (0.021)	−0.093 (0.123)	−0.031 (0.040)
lCDI	−0.179** (0.074)	−0.151** (0.069)	0.0312 (0.038)	−0.008 (0.038)	0.090 (0.204)	−0.046 (0.136)
lFOREST	−0.052 (0.194)	0.038** (0.095)	0.038 (0.099)	0.075 (0.069)	0.860 (0.538)	−0.037 (0.089)
lORGFERT	−0.051 (0.037)	0.013 (0.031)	0.004 (0.019)	−0.026 (0.018)	0.078 (0.104)	−0.025 (0.048)
Controls	Yes		Yes		Yes
Constant	−6.874* (3.645)	2.009 (1.227)	−2.089 (1.869)	3.290 (0.960)	10.691 (10.174)	0.838 (1.104)
Sigma_u	0.443	0.209	0.424	0.180	0.587	0.137
Sigma_e	0.101	0.101	0.052	0.052	0.278	0.278
rho	0.951	0.813	0.985	0.924	0.816	0.194
Observations	655		655		650

Variables	POU		GDPppp		FSV
Variables	FE (1)	RE (2)	FE (3)	RE (4)	FE (5)	RE (6)
lIRRIG	−0.124*** (0.044)	−0.074** (0.034)	0.044* (0.023)	0.037* (0.021)	−0.093 (0.123)	−0.031 (0.040)
lCDI	−0.179** (0.074)	−0.151** (0.069)	0.0312 (0.038)	−0.008 (0.038)	0.090 (0.204)	−0.046 (0.136)
lFOREST	−0.052 (0.194)	0.038** (0.095)	0.038 (0.099)	0.075 (0.069)	0.860 (0.538)	−0.037 (0.089)
lORGFERT	−0.051 (0.037)	0.013 (0.031)	0.004 (0.019)	−0.026 (0.018)	0.078 (0.104)	−0.025 (0.048)
Controls	Yes		Yes		Yes
Constant	−6.874* (3.645)	2.009 (1.227)	−2.089 (1.869)	3.290 (0.960)	10.691 (10.174)	0.838 (1.104)
Sigma_u	0.443	0.209	0.424	0.180	0.587	0.137
Sigma_e	0.101	0.101	0.052	0.052	0.278	0.278
rho	0.951	0.813	0.985	0.924	0.816	0.194
Observations	655		655		650

Note(s):

The significance level at 1, 5 and 10% are signified by ***, ** and *, respectively. standard errors are in parentheses

Source(s): Authors’ estimates based on panel data from 2000 to 2021

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