Table 3 Phase-wise operationalisation of... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Phase-wise operationalisation of FLEX-ADDIE

ADDIE phase	Inputs	Processes	Outputs	Roles and HInt/XAI integration
Analysis	Learner data, context analysis, platform analytics	AI-driven dashboards identify learner needs and gaps	Learner profiles and adaptive readiness maps	HInt facilitates co-analysis between instructor and system; XAI explains profiling logic
Design	Content objectives, learner insights, feedback loops	AI-aided content recommendations and scenario design	Adaptive learning blueprint	XAI tools justify design choices and maintain transparency
Development	Learning materials, authoring tools	Integration of interactive and multimedia components	Prototype modules and adaptive elements	HInt supports collaborative creation; XAI encourages interpretable content adaptation
Implementation	Learning environment setup	Deployment of AR/VR/AI features and assistive agents	Live digital classroom and analytics monitoring	HInt enables co-agency; XAI assists interpretability of system guidance
Evaluation	System logs, learner feedback, performance data	XAI-based dashboards analyse engagement and trust metrics	Continuous improvement report	HInt supports reflective evaluation; XAI explains analytic outcomes to users

ADDIE phase	Inputs	Processes	Outputs	Roles and HInt/XAI integration
Analysis	Learner data, context analysis, platform analytics	AI-driven dashboards identify learner needs and gaps	Learner profiles and adaptive readiness maps	HInt facilitates co-analysis between instructor and system; XAI explains profiling logic
Design	Content objectives, learner insights, feedback loops	AI-aided content recommendations and scenario design	Adaptive learning blueprint	XAI tools justify design choices and maintain transparency
Development	Learning materials, authoring tools	Integration of interactive and multimedia components	Prototype modules and adaptive elements	HInt supports collaborative creation; XAI encourages interpretable content adaptation
Implementation	Learning environment setup	Deployment of AR/VR/AI features and assistive agents	Live digital classroom and analytics monitoring	HInt enables co-agency; XAI assists interpretability of system guidance
Evaluation	System logs, learner feedback, performance data	XAI-based dashboards analyse engagement and trust metrics	Continuous improvement report	HInt supports reflective evaluation; XAI explains analytic outcomes to users

Source(s): Author's work