Table 2. Measurement scales validity and...

Table 2.

Measurement scales validity and reliability results

Constructs	Item	Mean (SD)	Standardized loadings	CA	CR $(ρ_{C})$	AVE
Convenience	CONV1 CONV2 CONV3	3.197 (1.183) 3.414 (1.058) 3.241 (1.099)	0.868 0.916 0.919	0.928	0.927	0.812
Entertainment	ENT1 ENT2 ENT3	4.163 (1.035) 4.182 (0.963) 4.202 (0.949)	0.847 0.823 0.796	0.863	0.863	0.676
Exploration	EXP1	3.507 (0.928)	0.889	0.877	0.872	0.676
	EXP2	3.389 (0.993)	0.791
	EXP3	3.389 (0.921)	0.822
	EXP4	3.507 (0.944)	+
Customer loyalty	LOY1	4.414 (1.063)	0.822	0.826	0.824	0.704
	LOY2	4.399 (0.959)	0.855
	LOY3	3.941 (0.991)	+
	LOY4	4.015 (1.112)	+
Monetary savings	MON1	4.158 (1.029)	0.811	0.878	0.878	0.707
	MON2	4.187 (1.019)	0.876
	MON3	4.172 (1.039)	0.835
Perceived ease of use	PEOU1	4.468 (0.984)	0.902	0.818	0.817	0.701
	PEOU2	4.015 (1.094)	^*
	PEOU3	4.177 (1.073)	0.766
	PEOU4	3.946 (1.023)	^*
Perceived usefulness	PU1	3.897 (1.229)	+	0.739	0.740	0.588
	PU2	3.936 (1.110)	0.797
	PU3	3.626 (1.144)	0.735
	PU4	3.522 (1.124)	+
	PU5	4.020 (1.027)	+
Program satisfaction	SAT1	4.502 (0.850)	0.879	0.894	0.891	0.735
	SAT2	3.990 (0.993)	0.854
	SAT3	4.089 (0.994)	0.839
Recognition and social factors	SOC1	2.099 (0.666)	0.774	0.851	0.851	0.657
	SOC2	2.079 (0.638)	0.822
	SOC3	2.099 (0.659)	0.834

Constructs	Item	Mean (SD)	Standardized loadings	CA	CR $(ρ_{C})$	AVE
Convenience	CONV1 CONV2 CONV3	3.197 (1.183) 3.414 (1.058) 3.241 (1.099)	0.868 0.916 0.919	0.928	0.927	0.812
Entertainment	ENT1 ENT2 ENT3	4.163 (1.035) 4.182 (0.963) 4.202 (0.949)	0.847 0.823 0.796	0.863	0.863	0.676
Exploration	EXP1	3.507 (0.928)	0.889	0.877	0.872	0.676
	EXP2	3.389 (0.993)	0.791
	EXP3	3.389 (0.921)	0.822
	EXP4	3.507 (0.944)	+
Customer loyalty	LOY1	4.414 (1.063)	0.822	0.826	0.824	0.704
	LOY2	4.399 (0.959)	0.855
	LOY3	3.941 (0.991)	+
	LOY4	4.015 (1.112)	+
Monetary savings	MON1	4.158 (1.029)	0.811	0.878	0.878	0.707
	MON2	4.187 (1.019)	0.876
	MON3	4.172 (1.039)	0.835
Perceived ease of use	PEOU1	4.468 (0.984)	0.902	0.818	0.817	0.701
	PEOU2	4.015 (1.094)	^*
	PEOU3	4.177 (1.073)	0.766
	PEOU4	3.946 (1.023)	^*
Perceived usefulness	PU1	3.897 (1.229)	+	0.739	0.740	0.588
	PU2	3.936 (1.110)	0.797
	PU3	3.626 (1.144)	0.735
	PU4	3.522 (1.124)	+
	PU5	4.020 (1.027)	+
Program satisfaction	SAT1	4.502 (0.850)	0.879	0.894	0.891	0.735
	SAT2	3.990 (0.993)	0.854
	SAT3	4.089 (0.994)	0.839
Recognition and social factors	SOC1	2.099 (0.666)	0.774	0.851	0.851	0.657
	SOC2	2.079 (0.638)	0.822
	SOC3	2.099 (0.659)	0.834

Note(s):

*items removed as corresponding factor loadings were below the cutoff value of 0.70 (Hair et al., 2022). + items were removed due to the significant standardized residual covariances between them. CA = Cronbach’s alpha; CR $(ρ_{C})$ = Composite Reliability $ρ_{C}$ ⁠; AVE = Average Variance Extracted; SD = Standard Deviation

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