Table 1. Detailed overview of study... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Detailed overview of study components and data integration

Research stage	Purpose	Data collected	Methods of data analysis	Data integration notes
Presurvey	To measure baseline attitudes using validated scales	Demographics, attitudes and motivations	Descriptive statistics	Provided a baseline for understanding subsequent behaviors
Group task – business puzzle	To observe real-time KH behaviors through designated knowledge hiders	Observational data of group interactions and nonverbal cues	Coding of behavioral patterns and nonverbal indicators	Observational data linked with posttask surveys and interviews
Postsurvey	To assess regular participants’ perceptions and knowledge hiders’ internal experiences	Group dynamics assessments, KH perceptions, emotional responses and hiding strategies	Thematic and statistical analyses	Postsurvey data linked to interviews and observational data
Interviews	To explore participants’ detailed experiences and perspectives	Detailed reflections on KH and group dynamics during the group work	Thematic analysis of interview data	Used to explain quantitative findings and observed behaviors

Research stage	Purpose	Data collected	Methods of data analysis	Data integration notes
Presurvey	To measure baseline attitudes using validated scales	Demographics, attitudes and motivations	Descriptive statistics	Provided a baseline for understanding subsequent behaviors
Group task – business puzzle	To observe real-time KH behaviors through designated knowledge hiders	Observational data of group interactions and nonverbal cues	Coding of behavioral patterns and nonverbal indicators	Observational data linked with posttask surveys and interviews
Postsurvey	To assess regular participants’ perceptions and knowledge hiders’ internal experiences	Group dynamics assessments, KH perceptions, emotional responses and hiding strategies	Thematic and statistical analyses	Postsurvey data linked to interviews and observational data
Interviews	To explore participants’ detailed experiences and perspectives	Detailed reflections on KH and group dynamics during the group work	Thematic analysis of interview data	Used to explain quantitative findings and observed behaviors

Source: Authors’ own work