Table 4.

Future research directions

Future research areaFuture research questions
Nonverbal cues of KH1. Are there differences in nonverbal cues used to conceal knowledge in virtual versus in-person group settings?
2. How do cultural differences affect the interpretation of nonverbal KH behaviors?
3. What specific body language signs (e.g. crossed arms, lack of eye contact) are most associated with KH?
Verbal cues of KH1. What verbal strategies do individuals commonly use to conceal knowledge?
2. What role do language and speech patterns play in detecting KH?
3. How do group members typically interpret verbal signals of KH, and how does this affect team dynamics?
The impact of social context1. Does hiding knowledge from close colleagues generate more emotional discomfort than distant colleagues?
2. How do social bonds like trust, respect and familiarity impact the frequency of KH?
3. How do differences in rank or hierarchy within close social ties impact KH dynamics?
Long-term consequences of KH1. What are the long-term psychological impacts of consistently hiding knowledge on the hider, such as stress, anxiety or guilt?
2. Does the emotional burden of KH lead to reduced performance and motivation in the long term?
Source: Authors’ own work

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