Table A1

List of abbreviations

AbbreviationDefinition
ESGEnvironmental, social and governance
IBIIndex-based insurance (also known as weather derivatives; a form of parametric insurance where payouts are triggered by predefined indices such as rainfall or temperature)
MPCIMulti-peril crop insurance (covers multiple risks such as drought, pests and disease; usually requires government subsidization due to correlated risks)
NPINamed-peril insurance (covers specific perils such as fire or hail)
SCMSupply chain management
SDGsSustainable development goals (United Nations framework for global sustainable development)
UNCCDUnited Nations convention to combat desertification

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