Table 1 Analytical Framework for...

Table 1

Analytical Framework for Assessing Crisis Response Capacities and Co-production Dynamics

Dimension / Aspect	Indicators	Primary Data Sources	Focus of Assessment	Example Metrics
Analytical Capacity	Surveillance/data systems; expert advice utilization; modeling/foresight evidence; information sharing practices	Public health reports; expert committee minutes; government dashboards; policy documents	Timeliness, comprehensiveness, and influence of analytical inputs on decision-making and public communication	Testing rates: HK was 21.7 tests per 1,000 people. SG was 25 per 1000 people (around early May 2020)
Operational Capacity	Resource deployment speed/scale; coordination structure effectiveness; service delivery functioning; adaptability	Budget allocations; logistics reports; ministry websites; implementation media reports	Efficiency, reach, and coherence of response implementation; resource mobilization bottlenecks or successes	Critical care beds/100,000: HK 7.6 SG 11.7 (Phua et al., 2024)
Political Capacity	Government communication strategies; public trust/compliance evidence; stakeholder engagement; leadership actions, policy coherence	Official speeches; press conferences; public opinion data; media analysis; NGO reports	State-society relations quality; communication effectiveness; leadership assessment; consensus-building efforts	Said ‘No’ to vaccination: HK 14.42% of respondents SG 4.45% of respondents
Integration Capacity	Joint planning/goals evidence; cross-cutting platforms functioning; systems interoperability; action coherence	Joint committee reports; integrated plans; platform descriptions; agency action analysis	Linkage effectiveness between capacity dimensions and between state-societal actors; silos vs. synergy	App rollout timeline: SG TraceTogether (launched 20 Mar 2020) HK LeaveHomeSafe (launched 11 Nov 2020; delayed by criticisms) (Li et al., 2022)
Co-production Dynamics	Public participation/compliance; public-private partnerships; civil society action scope; state-society information exchange; joint decision influence	Community group reports; business statements; volunteer program data; collaboration reports	Collaborative activities nature/extent; shared understanding degree; mutual influence; state-society joint action	SG adoption of TraceTogether ∼85.1% (incl. tokens) HK LeaveHomeSafe downloads (usage unreported) (Bannister-Tyrrell et al., 2023)

Dimension / Aspect	Indicators	Primary Data Sources	Focus of Assessment	Example Metrics
Analytical Capacity	Surveillance/data systems; expert advice utilization; modeling/foresight evidence; information sharing practices	Public health reports; expert committee minutes; government dashboards; policy documents	Timeliness, comprehensiveness, and influence of analytical inputs on decision-making and public communication	Testing rates:HK was 21.7 tests per 1,000 people.SG was 25 per 1000 people (around early May 2020)
Operational Capacity	Resource deployment speed/scale; coordination structure effectiveness; service delivery functioning; adaptability	Budget allocations; logistics reports; ministry websites; implementation media reports	Efficiency, reach, and coherence of response implementation; resource mobilization bottlenecks or successes	Critical care beds/100,000:HK 7.6SG 11.7 (Phua et al., 2024)
Political Capacity	Government communication strategies; public trust/compliance evidence; stakeholder engagement; leadership actions, policy coherence	Official speeches; press conferences; public opinion data; media analysis; NGO reports	State-society relations quality; communication effectiveness; leadership assessment; consensus-building efforts	Said ‘No’ to vaccination:HK 14.42% of respondentsSG 4.45% of respondents
Integration Capacity	Joint planning/goals evidence; cross-cutting platforms functioning; systems interoperability; action coherence	Joint committee reports; integrated plans; platform descriptions; agency action analysis	Linkage effectiveness between capacity dimensions and between state-societal actors; silos vs. synergy	App rollout timeline:SG TraceTogether (launched 20 Mar 2020)HK LeaveHomeSafe (launched 11 Nov 2020; delayed by criticisms) (Li et al., 2022)
Co-production Dynamics	Public participation/compliance; public-private partnerships; civil society action scope; state-society information exchange; joint decision influence	Community group reports; business statements; volunteer program data; collaboration reports	Collaborative activities nature/extent; shared understanding degree; mutual influence; state-society joint action	SG adoption of TraceTogether ∼85.1% (incl. tokens)HK LeaveHomeSafe downloads (usage unreported) (Bannister-Tyrrell et al., 2023)

Sources: Singapore source is Gan (2020b) reporting the Minister of Health on the Singaporean Parliament with regard to cumulative tests conducted as of 25 March 2020. For Hong Kong, World in Data reveals that HK reported 12.9 tests per 1000 people as of 30 March 2020. The numerical data is interpreted taking into account the number of local cases for the respective cities as well as the time when local authorities became aware of them

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