TableĀ 1

Summary of the T&D impact on different age groups and turnover

Age groupPositive Impact of T&DNegative Impact of T&D
Younger Employees (<25)Improves skills, engagement, career prospects; supports mentoring and career planningIncreases marketability and risk of voluntary turnover if training intensity is high
Older Employees (50+)Enhances loyalty, knowledge transfer, and adaptability to new technologiesComplex training may reduce retention benefits; adaptation challenges and high costs possible
Employee Turnover (Overall)Well-designed T&D reduces turnover, strengthens cohesion, and fosters retention when integrated with HR policiesMisaligned or overly intensive T&D may increase turnover, especially among younger employees
Source(s): own edition

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