Table 3 Integration of circular economy... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Integration of circular economy principles in the procurement process of Dutch social housing

	Practices	Challenges	Development potentials
Technological factor	Modular and prefabricated techniques Circular-related criteria for tender evaluation	Logistics uncertainties Information uncertainties	Investigate the values of digital technologies and information systems Development of an integrated information system
Organizational factor	Contracting with consortia and program-based contracts Innovative contracting methods Best Value Procurement and performance-based requirements Explore the circular economy together with familiar contractors Keep adaptation in pricing method, adopt shared investment, and keep financial incentives in the circular economy Different strategies between circular new construction and renovation, as well as pilot projects and regular projects	Limited knowledge and capability to implement circular procurement Separation of different departments within housing associations Supply chain uncertainty Inefficiency in stakeholder collaboration Uncertainty in responsibility distribution	Tailored circular procurement strategies at different stages of circular procurement Facilitate multi-stakeholder collaboration and synthesize their requirements Investigate the interrelationships between procurement approaches and supply chain dynamics
Environmental factor	Involve residents in decision-making Total Cost of Ownership	Lack of regulatory frameworks on the contracting process and contract forms Lack of regulation and governance on responsibility division	Develop associated business models Industry and market nudging Develop pertinent regulatory and governance frameworks Standardize circular procurement Facilitate residents' participation and associated societal value

	Practices	Challenges	Development potentials
Technological factor	Modular and prefabricated techniques Circular-related criteria for tender evaluation	Logistics uncertainties Information uncertainties	Investigate the values of digital technologies and information systems Development of an integrated information system
Organizational factor	Contracting with consortia and program-based contracts Innovative contracting methods Best Value Procurement and performance-based requirements Explore the circular economy together with familiar contractors Keep adaptation in pricing method, adopt shared investment, and keep financial incentives in the circular economy Different strategies between circular new construction and renovation, as well as pilot projects and regular projects	Limited knowledge and capability to implement circular procurement Separation of different departments within housing associations Supply chain uncertainty Inefficiency in stakeholder collaboration Uncertainty in responsibility distribution	Tailored circular procurement strategies at different stages of circular procurement Facilitate multi-stakeholder collaboration and synthesize their requirements Investigate the interrelationships between procurement approaches and supply chain dynamics
Environmental factor	Involve residents in decision-making Total Cost of Ownership	Lack of regulatory frameworks on the contracting process and contract forms Lack of regulation and governance on responsibility division	Develop associated business models Industry and market nudging Develop pertinent regulatory and governance frameworks Standardize circular procurement Facilitate residents' participation and associated societal value

Source(s): Authors’ own work