Table 4 Subgroup analyses for testing... | Emerald Publishing

Table 4

Subgroup analyses for testing the potential moderating role of continent, control type and placement for cognitive outcome

Moderator	Hedges’ g	95% CI	p	K	Q	p
Continent					2.963	0.227
Asia	0.549	[−0.019; 1.118]	0.058	8
Europe	0.986	[0.417; 1.556]	0.001	8
Emerging and developing regions	1.266	[0.667; 1.865]	0.000	7
Control type					2.162	0.142
Flipped (FC)	1.071	[0.686; 1.457]	0.000	17
Traditional (TC)	0.510	[−0.131; 1.151]	0.119	6
Placement of gamification					6.648	0.036
Pre-class	1.793	[0.993; 2.593]	0.000	4
In-class	0.610	[0.173; 1.046]	0.006	13
Both	1.036	[0.395; 1.677]	0.002	6

Moderator	Hedges’ g	95% CI	p	K	Q	p
Continent					2.963	0.227
Asia	0.549	[−0.019; 1.118]	0.058	8
Europe	0.986	[0.417; 1.556]	0.001	8
Emerging and developing regions	1.266	[0.667; 1.865]	0.000	7
Control type					2.162	0.142
Flipped (FC)	1.071	[0.686; 1.457]	0.000	17
Traditional (TC)	0.510	[−0.131; 1.151]	0.119	6
Placement of gamification					6.648	0.036
Pre-class	1.793	[0.993; 2.593]	0.000	4
In-class	0.610	[0.173; 1.046]	0.006	13
Both	1.036	[0.395; 1.677]	0.002	6