Table 1 Ranking of the identified...

Table 1

Ranking of the identified challenges of integrating sustainability concepts and practices in rural community buildings

SN	Challenges	Mean	Std. deviation	Skewness	Kurtosis	RII	Rank
1.	Lack of government support	4.35	1.003	−1.950	3.537	0.870	1st
2.	Lack of occupants' interest	4.27	0.653	−1.056	2.933	0.854	2nd
3.	Lack of importance attached to sustainability by community leaders	4.21	0.901	−1.520	3.299	0.842	3rd
4.	Lack of interest and market demand in the community	4.21	0.786	−1.209	1.883	0.842	4th
5.	Resistance to change from the use of traditional technologies	4.19	0.913	−0.918	−0.018	0.838	5th
6.	High initial capital cost	4.11	0.863	−0.841	0.238	0.822	6th
7.	Limited availability of sustainable materials	4.10	0.837	−0.866	0.515	0.820	7th
8.	Unaware of the benefits of sustainability	4.08	0.789	−1.160	1.818	0.816	8th
9.	Lack of awareness of sustainability concepts in rural areas	4.06	0.878	−1.605	3.782	0.812	9th
10.	Lack of sustainability expertise/skilled labour	4.06	0.931	−0.624	−0.588	0.812	10th
11.	Lack of coordination among stakeholders	4.06	1.045	−1.705	2.922	0.812	11th
12.	Unfamiliarity with sustainability	4.05	0.991	−1.228	1.530	0.810	12th
13.	Lack of innovation	4.05	1.084	−1.038	0.441	0.810	13th
14.	Lack of regulatory framework for sustainable urban developments	4.02	0.907	−1.238	2.379	0.804	14th
15.	Low level of expertise amongst professionals	4.00	1.016	−1.144	1.118	0.800	15th
16.	Lack of sustainability technological training	3.98	0.975	−1.045	1.231	0.796	16th
17.	Lack of technology	3.94	1.030	−1.334	2.067	0.788	17th
18.	Difficulty in acquiring data on existing building	3.92	1.112	−1.295	1.228	0.784	18th
19.	Fiscal inequality/financial constraints	3.89	1.049	−0.984	0.513	0.778	19th
20.	Poor planning and design	3.84	0.846	−0.841	0.444	0.768	20th
21.	Lack of sustainable rural building measurement database and design tools.	3.79	1.152	−0.757	−0.424	0.758	21st

SN	Challenges	Mean	Std. deviation	Skewness	Kurtosis	RII	Rank
1.	Lack of government support	4.35	1.003	−1.950	3.537	0.870	1st
2.	Lack of occupants' interest	4.27	0.653	−1.056	2.933	0.854	2nd
3.	Lack of importance attached to sustainability by community leaders	4.21	0.901	−1.520	3.299	0.842	3rd
4.	Lack of interest and market demand in the community	4.21	0.786	−1.209	1.883	0.842	4th
5.	Resistance to change from the use of traditional technologies	4.19	0.913	−0.918	−0.018	0.838	5th
6.	High initial capital cost	4.11	0.863	−0.841	0.238	0.822	6th
7.	Limited availability of sustainable materials	4.10	0.837	−0.866	0.515	0.820	7th
8.	Unaware of the benefits of sustainability	4.08	0.789	−1.160	1.818	0.816	8th
9.	Lack of awareness of sustainability concepts in rural areas	4.06	0.878	−1.605	3.782	0.812	9th
10.	Lack of sustainability expertise/skilled labour	4.06	0.931	−0.624	−0.588	0.812	10th
11.	Lack of coordination among stakeholders	4.06	1.045	−1.705	2.922	0.812	11th
12.	Unfamiliarity with sustainability	4.05	0.991	−1.228	1.530	0.810	12th
13.	Lack of innovation	4.05	1.084	−1.038	0.441	0.810	13th
14.	Lack of regulatory framework for sustainable urban developments	4.02	0.907	−1.238	2.379	0.804	14th
15.	Low level of expertise amongst professionals	4.00	1.016	−1.144	1.118	0.800	15th
16.	Lack of sustainability technological training	3.98	0.975	−1.045	1.231	0.796	16th
17.	Lack of technology	3.94	1.030	−1.334	2.067	0.788	17th
18.	Difficulty in acquiring data on existing building	3.92	1.112	−1.295	1.228	0.784	18th
19.	Fiscal inequality/financial constraints	3.89	1.049	−0.984	0.513	0.778	19th
20.	Poor planning and design	3.84	0.846	−0.841	0.444	0.768	20th
21.	Lack of sustainable rural building measurement database and design tools.	3.79	1.152	−0.757	−0.424	0.758	21st

Source(s): Authors' own work (2025)

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